gall
gb/ɡˈɔl/ us/ɡˈɔl/
B2
Angielski
pofátlanság, szemtelenség, bosszant, bánt, epe, feltörés, kidörzsöl, feltör, gubacs, epésség
RZECZOWNIK
B2
INFORMAL
1
pofátlanság
B2
szemtelenség
B2
Schemat użycia:
(the) gall (to do [something])
He had the gall to complain about the service after arriving an hour late.
Volt pofája panaszkodni a kiszolgálás miatt, miután egy órát késett.
The gall of that man—he cut in line and acted like it was normal.
Micsoda pofátlanság attól a férfitól: befurakodott a sorba, és úgy tett, mintha ez teljesen normális lenne.
I can’t believe the gall it takes to ask for money after what happened.
Przykłady dla uczących się
She had the gall to lie to me.
Volt pofája hazudni nekem.
That takes a lot of gall.
Ehhez aztán nagy pofátlanság kell.
Częsty błąd:
Learners may confuse this with the medical meaning (bile). In this sense, it usually appears as 'the gall' or 'have the gall'.
Znaczenie
rude boldness; nerve
Kolokacje
the sheer gall
|have the gall
|the gall to say
|the gall to ask
|what a gall
|the nerve
|unbelievable gall
Synonimy
nerve (Very common and casual.)
|
audacity (Slightly more formal.)
|
cheek (Common in British English.)
Antonimy
humility (Lack of arrogance or bold rudeness.)
|
modesty (Not pushing yourself forward.)
Tematy
emotions
|social_interaction
Definicja
When someone has the gall, they are rude and too confident.
Rude or shocking boldness in what someone says or does; impudent audacity.
CZASOWNIK
C1
2
Schemat użycia:
It galls [someone] (that [clause])
It galls me that she took credit for my work.
Bosszant, hogy a sajátjának tüntette fel a munkámat.
It galled him to be treated like a beginner.
Bántotta, hogy úgy bántak vele, mintha kezdő lenne.
What galls me most is that they never apologized.
Przykłady dla uczących się
It galls me when people are rude.
Bosszant, amikor az emberek udvariatlanok.
Częsty błąd:
This verb is often used with 'it' as the subject: 'It galls me that...'.
Znaczenie
make someone feel angry
Kolokacje
it galls me
|galls him to
|galls her that
|galls them deeply
|galls someone to think
Synonimy
annoy (More general and common.)
|
irritate (Often suggests repeated or strong annoyance.)
|
offend (Focuses on feeling insulted.)
Antonimy
please (To give satisfaction rather than anger.)
|
delight (Stronger positive feeling.)
Tematy
emotions
|conflict
Definicja
If something galls you, it makes you angry or upset.
To annoy, offend, or upset someone, especially because something seems unfair or insulting.
RZECZOWNIK
B2
TECHNICAL
3
epe
B2
Schemat użycia:
[someone] produces gall
The liver produces gall to help break down fats.
A máj epét termel, amely segít lebontani a zsírokat.
Problems with gall flow can affect digestion.
Az epeáramlás zavarai befolyásolhatják az emésztést.
Przykłady dla uczących się
The gall helps the body digest food.
Az epe segít a szervezetnek megemészteni az ételt.
Częsty błąd:
Often confused with 'gallbladder' (the organ) and 'gallstone' (a hard stone).
Znaczenie
bitter digestive fluid
Kolokacje
bile and gall
|secrete gall
|gall secretion
|gall salts
Synonimy
bile (The more common everyday term.)
Tematy
health
|body
|medicine
Definicja
Gall is a bitter liquid in the body that helps digest food.
A bitter fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, used in digestion.
RZECZOWNIK
C1
TECHNICAL
4
feltörés
B2
Schemat użycia:
a gall on [body_part]
The saddle left a painful gall on the horse’s back.
A nyereg fájdalmas feltörést okozott a ló hátán.
After the long hike, he had a gall on his heel where his boot rubbed.
A hosszú túra után kidörzsölődött a sarka ott, ahol a csizma dörzsölte.
Przykłady dla uczących się
My shoes gave me a gall on my foot.
A cipőm feltörte a lábamat.
Częsty błąd:
This is not the same as a blister, though they can look similar; a gall is linked to chafing/rubbing.
Znaczenie
sore spot from rubbing
Kolokacje
saddle gall
|a gall on the heel
|a gall on the neck
|rubbed into a gall
Synonimy
chafing sore (Explains the cause directly.)
|
raw spot (More general and less technical.)
Tematy
health
|daily_life
|sports
Definicja
A gall is a sore on the skin caused by rubbing.
A sore place on the skin caused by rubbing, especially from clothing, a saddle, or repeated friction.
CZASOWNIK
C1
5
Schemat użycia:
[something] galls [someone]'s [body_part]
The seam galled her skin all day.
A varrás egész nap kidörzsölte a bőrét.
His backpack straps galled his shoulders on the climb.
A mászás közben a hátizsák pántjai kidörzsölték a vállát.
Przykłady dla uczących się
These socks gall my ankle.
Ezek a zoknik kidörzsölik a bokámat.
Częsty błąd:
Don’t confuse this physical meaning with 'It galls me' (= it annoys me). Context usually makes it clear.
Znaczenie
rub and make skin sore
Kolokacje
shoes gall my feet
|a collar galled his neck
|gall the skin
|galls badly
Synonimy
chafe (More common for skin rubbing.)
|
rub raw (More informal and descriptive.)
Antonimy
soothe (To reduce pain or irritation instead of causing it.)
Tematy
health
|daily_life
Definicja
If something galls you, it rubs your skin and makes it sore.
To rub against the skin repeatedly and cause soreness.
RZECZOWNIK
C1
TECHNICAL
6
gubacs
C1
Schemat użycia:
a gall on [plant]
The oak leaves were covered in small, round galls.
A tölgy leveleit apró, kerek gubacsok borították.
Scientists studied the insect that causes the gall to form.
A tudósok azt a rovart vizsgálták, amely a gubacs kialakulását okozza.
Przykłady dla uczących się
I saw galls on the leaves.
Gubacsokat láttam a leveleken.
Częsty błąd:
This meaning is unrelated to 'the gall' (= nerve).
Znaczenie
swelling on a plant
Kolokacje
oak gall
|leaf gall
|insect gall
|gall formation
|galls on leaves
Synonimy
plant swelling (Plain descriptive wording.)
Tematy
nature
|plants
|science
Definicja
A gall is a lump that grows on a plant, often because of an insect.
An abnormal swelling or growth on a plant, often caused by an insect or other parasite.
RZECZOWNIK
C2
LITERARY
7
epésség
C1
Schemat użycia:
filled with gall; speak with gall
His letter was full of gall and accusation.
Levele tele volt epésséggel és vádaskodással.
She spoke with gall about the people who had betrayed her.
Epésséggel beszélt azokról, akik elárulták.
Częsty błąd:
This is much less common in everyday speech than 'anger' or 'resentment'.
Znaczenie
bitter resentment
Kolokacje
filled with gall
|pour out gall
|speak with gall
|bitter gall
Synonimy
resentment (More common in modern English.)
|
bitterness (Focuses on a harsh, lasting feeling.)
Antonimy
goodwill (A friendly, kind attitude rather than bitterness.)
Tematy
emotions
|communication
Definicja
Gall can mean bitter anger or resentment.
A feeling of bitter anger or resentment, especially when expressed in speech or writing.
Gramatyka
Forma słownikowa
gall
IPA
GB/ɡˈɔl/
US/ɡˈɔl/
Sylaby i akcent
gall (1 sylaba)
Stress on 1st syllable (gall)
Formy wyrazu
Noun
- Base: gall
- Plural: gall, galls
Verb
- Base: gall
- 3rd Person Singular: galls
- Present Participle: galling
- Past: galled
Rodzina wyrazów
Forms
galls
noun
galling
verb
galled
verb
Related words
gallbladder
noun
gallstone
noun C1
Wyrażenia
gall and wormwood
1/ɡˈɔl ˈænd wˈɚmwˌʊd/
fixed phrase
literary
extreme bitterness or misery
Something that feels very bitter and painful.
Przykłady
- The memory of that defeat was gall and wormwood to him.
- For her, the whole episode was gall and wormwood.
gall bladder
1/ɡˈɔl blˈædɚ/
fixed phrase
technical
organ that stores bile
The gall bladder is a small organ that stores bile.
Przykłady
- She had surgery to remove her gall bladder.
- The gall bladder releases bile after you eat fatty food.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- The doctor checked my gall bladder.
gallstone
1/ɡˈɔlstˌoʊn/
fixed phrase
technical
hard stone in gallbladder
A gallstone is a small hard stone that forms in the gallbladder.
Przykłady
- He went to the hospital with severe pain caused by a gallstone.
- An ultrasound showed several gallstones.
have the gall (to do something)
1/hˈæv ðə ɡˈɔl tə dˈu sˈʌmθɪŋ/
idiom
informal
be rude enough to do
To do something even though it is very rude.
Przykłady
- She had the gall to tell me to calm down after she started the argument.
- He has the gall to call himself a team player.
- They had the gall to raise prices while cutting service.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- He had the gall to blame me.
the gall of it!
1/ðə ɡˈɔl əv ˈɪt ‖/
fixed phrase
informal
exclamation of rude nerve
You say this when someone is very rude.
Przykłady
- The gall of it—he borrowed my car and returned it with an empty tank!
- The gall of that politician, pretending nothing happened.