indirect
gb/ɪndɚˈɛkt/ us/ɪndɚˈɛkt/
B1
Angielski
~ 7600
burkolt, kitérő, kerülő, átszállásos, közvetett, függő beszéd, függő kérdés, közvetett adó
B2
1
Schemat użycia:
an indirect [comment/answer/approach/criticism]
Her email was full of indirect criticism about how I manage the team.
Az e-mailje tele volt burkolt kritikával azzal kapcsolatban, ahogyan a csapatot irányítom.
He gave an indirect answer, so I still don’t know what he really thinks.
Kitérő választ adott, így még mindig nem tudom, valójában mit gondol.
The manager made an indirect comment that some people might lose their jobs.
I prefer clear feedback, even if it’s harsh, to indirect hints.
The company used indirect language to avoid taking responsibility for the mistake.
Przykłady dla uczących się
She gave an indirect answer to the question.
Kitérő választ adott a kérdésre.
His words were indirect, so I did not understand his real message.
Burkoltan fogalmazott, ezért nem értettem meg a valódi üzenetét.
My boss never says he is angry; he is very indirect.
The teacher made an indirect comment about my homework.
I do not like indirect criticism; I want clear words.
Częsty błąd:
Learners sometimes confuse "indirect" with "impolite" or "dishonest". While indirect speech can hide a message, it is often used to be polite or careful, not to lie. Also, learners may overuse "indirect" where "polite" or "soft" would be more natural.
Znaczenie
not said or done openly
Kolokacje
indirect criticism
|indirect comment
|indirect answer
|indirect approach
|indirect reference
Synonimy
subtle (Often suggests being gentle or fine in meaning; can be positive, while 'indirect' is more neutral.)
|
implicit (Focuses on being understood without being stated; more formal than 'indirect'.)
Antonimy
direct (Says or does something in a clear, open way, without hiding or suggesting.)
|
frank (Very open and honest in speech, often more personal than 'direct'.)
Tematy
communication
|emotions
|social
|core_vocabulary
Definicja
Not saying or doing something in a clear and open way, but only suggesting it.
Not expressed or done in a clear, open, or straightforward way, but instead suggested, hinted, or done through something else.
B1
2
kerülő
B1
átszállásos
B1
Schemat użycia:
an indirect [route/path/flight] to [a place]
We took an indirect route to avoid the rush-hour traffic.
Kerülő útvonalon mentünk, hogy elkerüljük a csúcsforgalmat.
There’s no direct flight, so we’ll have to take an indirect flight with a layover in Dubai.
Nincs közvetlen járat, ezért átszállásos járattal kell mennünk, dubaji átszállással.
The trail is quite indirect, winding through the forest instead of cutting across the valley.
Google Maps suggested an indirect path that actually saved us time.
Because of the storm, the ship had to follow an indirect course along the coast.
Przykłady dla uczących się
We took an indirect route to the hotel.
Kerülő útvonalon mentünk a hotelhez.
There is only an indirect flight to that city.
Abba a városba csak átszállásos járat van.
The road is indirect and goes around the mountain.
This path is very indirect and takes a long time.
He walked in an indirect line across the park.
Częsty błąd:
Learners sometimes use "indirect" instead of "connecting" for flights (e.g., "indirect flight" instead of the more common "connecting flight"). "Indirect" is correct but less common; native speakers usually say "connecting flight" or "flight with a layover".
Znaczenie
not straight, roundabout route
Kolokacje
indirect route
|indirect flight
|indirect path
|take an indirect route
|indirect journey
Synonimy
roundabout (Very similar meaning; often used for routes or explanations that are unnecessarily long.)
|
circuitous (More formal; suggests a very long, winding route.)
Antonimy
direct (A straight or shortest route from one place to another.)
|
straight (Focuses on not bending or turning, literally in a line.)
Tematy
travel
|daily_life
|navigation
|space
|core_vocabulary
Definicja
Going a longer or not straight way to get to a place.
Not going in a straight line or the shortest way between two points; roundabout.
B2
3
közvetett
B2
Schemat użycia:
an indirect [effect/impact/consequence/result] of [something]
The pandemic had serious indirect effects on mental health.
A világjárványnak súlyos közvetett hatásai voltak a mentális egészségre.
Smoking can have indirect impacts on children who live in the same home.
A dohányzás közvetett hatással is lehet az ugyanabban az otthonban élő gyerekekre.
The new law may cause indirect harm to small businesses.
Tourism brings many indirect benefits to local communities, such as more jobs in restaurants and shops.
The report looks at both the direct and indirect consequences of climate change on agriculture.
Przykłady dla uczących się
The new road had indirect effects on small villages nearby.
Az új útnak közvetett hatásai voltak a közeli kis falvakra.
His decision had an indirect impact on my life.
A döntésének közvetett hatása volt az életemre.
There were many indirect consequences of the accident.
The war caused indirect harm to people who were far from the fighting.
We must think about the indirect results of this plan.
Częsty błąd:
Learners may confuse "indirect" with "weak". An indirect effect can be very strong; "indirect" describes the path from cause to effect, not how big it is. Also, some learners overuse "indirect" where "related" or "connected" would be more natural.
Znaczenie
caused in a secondary way
Kolokacje
indirect effects
|indirect impact
|indirect consequences
|indirect result
|indirect harm
|indirect benefit
Synonimy
secondary (Emphasizes that the effect is not the main one; often used in technical or academic language.)
|
knock-on (effect) (Informal; focuses on a chain reaction of effects.)
Antonimy
direct (Describes an effect that comes straight from the cause, with nothing important in between.)
|
immediate (Happens right away as the first result of something.)
Tematy
science
|business
|law
|core_vocabulary
Definicja
Happening because of something, but not as the main or first effect; it comes through another thing in the middle.
Caused by something as a secondary or less immediate result, rather than being the primary or direct effect.
B2
4
közvetett
B2
Schemat użycia:
indirect [communication/contact/connection/access] between [people/things]
We have only indirect contact with the client; everything goes through their lawyer.
Csak közvetett kapcsolatban állunk az ügyféllel; minden az ügyvédjén keresztül történik.
Social media allows a lot of indirect communication between brands and customers.
A közösségi média sokféle közvetett kommunikációt tesz lehetővé a márkák és az ügyfelek között.
The company exercises indirect control over the market through its smaller partner firms.
Researchers studied the virus’s indirect transmission through surfaces.
She felt his influence in an indirect way, through the policies he had created years earlier.
Przykłady dla uczących się
I only have indirect contact with him through email.
Csak e-mailen keresztül van vele közvetett kapcsolatom.
They use indirect communication and speak through an agent.
Közvetetten kommunikálnak, és egy közvetítőn keresztül beszélnek.
We have indirect access to the data via another system.
Her power is indirect; she works through her friends.
The news came to me in an indirect way, through my cousin.
Częsty błąd:
Learners sometimes confuse this sense with the idea of something being unclear. Here, "indirect" describes the path or method (through another person or system), not whether the message itself is clear or unclear.
Znaczenie
through a middle person or channel
Kolokacje
indirect communication
|indirect contact
|indirect access
|indirect connection
|indirect control
Synonimy
mediated (More formal; clearly states that something works through a middle agent or system.)
|
third-hand (Informal; often used for information that passed through several people and may not be reliable.)
Antonimy
face-to-face (Describes direct personal contact without anything in between.)
|
unmediated (Formal; means there is nothing in the middle controlling or changing the contact or relationship.)
Tematy
communication
|technology
|social
|relationships
|core_vocabulary
Definicja
Going through another person or thing in the middle, not going straight from one person or thing to another.
Happening or existing through another person, thing, or method instead of in a straight relationship or contact.
B1
TECHNICAL
5
függő beszéd
B2
függő kérdés
B2
Schemat użycia:
indirect [speech/question/statement]
In English, indirect speech usually moves the tense back one step.
Az angolban függő beszédben az igeidő általában egy lépéssel hátrébb kerül.
The sentence "He asked me where I lived" is an example of an indirect question.
A „He asked me where I lived” mondat a függő kérdés egyik példája.
Students often find it difficult to change direct speech into indirect speech.
Indirect questions are more polite in English, especially with strangers.
The teacher gave us several examples of indirect statements to rewrite.
Przykłady dla uczących się
We learned how to make indirect speech in class.
Az órán megtanultuk, hogyan kell függő beszédet alkotni.
This sentence is an indirect question, not a direct one.
Ez a mondat függő kérdés, nem egyenes kérdés.
Please change this direct speech into indirect speech.
Indirect speech is common in news reports.
He asked me what I was doing is an indirect question.
Częsty błąd:
Learners often think "indirect question" means a question that is not clear. In grammar, it means a question hidden inside a normal sentence (e.g., "Can you tell me where the station is?") or reported speech, not necessarily unclear or polite by itself.
Znaczenie
reported, not quoted exactly
Kolokacje
indirect speech
|indirect question
|indirect statement
|change to indirect speech
|report in indirect speech
Synonimy
reported (speech) (Common teaching term; usually used only with "speech" and sounds slightly more technical.)
Antonimy
direct (speech) (Gives the speaker’s exact words, usually inside quotation marks.)
Tematy
language
|education
|communication
Definicja
(Grammar) Showing what someone said or asked, but not using their exact words; the sentence is changed.
(In grammar) Describing speech or questions that report what someone said without using their exact original words or question word order.
B2
TECHNICAL
6
Schemat użycia:
an indirect [tax/system] on [goods/services/spending]
VAT is a form of indirect tax paid on most goods and services.
Az áfa a közvetett adók egyik formája, amelyet a legtöbb áru és szolgáltatás után fizetünk.
Governments often raise indirect taxes when they want to increase revenue quickly.
A kormányok gyakran emelik a közvetett adókat, amikor gyorsan akarják növelni a bevételeiket.
Critics argue that indirect taxation is unfair to low-income families.
The report compares the effects of direct and indirect taxes on economic growth.
Most countries rely heavily on indirect tax for public spending.
Przykłady dla uczących się
VAT is an indirect tax on many products.
Az áfa sok termékre kivetett közvetett adó.
An indirect tax is paid when you buy something.
Közvetett adót akkor fizetsz, amikor vásárolsz valamit.
Many people do not see how much indirect tax they pay.
The government increased indirect taxes last year.
Indirect taxes can make basic goods more expensive.
Częsty błąd:
Learners sometimes think "indirect tax" means a "small" or "hidden" tax. In fact, it describes how the tax is collected (through prices of goods and services), not how big or visible it is.
Znaczenie
tax on goods or services
Kolokacje
indirect tax
|system of indirect taxes
|indirect taxation
|indirect tax on goods
|indirect tax on consumption
Synonimy
consumption tax (A type of indirect tax; focuses on money spent, not money earned.)
Antonimy
direct tax (A tax paid straight on income, property, or wealth, such as income tax.)
Tematy
economy
|politics
|business
|finance
|law
Definicja
(Economics) A tax on things you buy or use, such as goods or services, not a tax directly on your income or property.
(In economics and public finance) Describing a tax that is charged on goods or services and usually collected by a seller, rather than paid directly on income or property by the person who finally bears the cost.
Gramatyka
Forma słownikowa
indirect
IPA
GB/ɪndɚˈɛkt/
US/ɪndɚˈɛkt/
Sylaby i akcent
in - dir - ect (3 sylaby)
Stress on 2nd syllable (dir)
Formy wyrazu
Adjective
- Base: indirect
Rodzina wyrazów
Wyrażenia
by indirect means
1/bˈaɪ ɪndɚˈɛkt mˈinz/
fixed phrase
formal
using mediated or hidden methods
Using methods that go through other people or things, instead of acting in a clear, direct way.
Przykłady
- The government tried to control the media by indirect means.
- He gained influence in the company by indirect means rather than official promotion.
- Change can sometimes be achieved more easily by indirect means.
in an indirect way
1/ˈɪn ən ɪndɚˈɛkt wˈeɪ/
fixed phrase
not straight or open manner
Using a method that is not straight or open; not doing or saying something in a clear and direct way.
Przykłady
- He apologized in an indirect way by bringing her flowers.
- The film critic praised the movie in an indirect way, mostly by attacking other films.
- They warned us in an indirect way that jobs might be cut.
indirect costs
1/ɪndɚˈɛkt kˈɔsts/
fixed phrase
technical
overhead or shared business costs
In business, costs that are needed for work to happen but are not clearly linked to one product or job, like rent or electricity for the whole office.
Przykłady
- The budget must include both direct and indirect costs.
- Indirect costs such as administration and utilities are often forgotten.
- The grant will not cover indirect costs like office rent.
indirect flight
1/ɪndɚˈɛkt flˈaɪt/
fixed phrase
flight with a stopover
A flight that does not go straight from your starting city to your final city; you must stop or change planes on the way.
Przykłady
- There are no direct flights, so we’ll have to book an indirect flight with a layover in Paris.
- Indirect flights are often cheaper but take more time.
- We decided to take an indirect flight to save money.
indirect object
1/ɪndɚˈɛkt ˈɑbd͡ʒɛkt/
fixed phrase
technical
grammar term for receiver of action
In grammar, the noun or pronoun that gets something or receives the action, but is not the main thing acted on (for example, "me" in "She gave me a book").
Przykłady
- In the sentence "He sent her a letter", "her" is the indirect object.
- English learners often confuse the direct object and indirect object.
- The teacher asked us to underline the indirect objects in each sentence.
indirect question
1/ɪndɚˈɛkt kwˈɛst͡ʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
embedded or reported question form
A question that is inside another sentence, so the word order looks like a normal sentence, not like a direct question.
Przykłady
- "Could you tell me where the station is?" is an indirect question.
- Indirect questions are often more polite than direct ones in English.
- Students must learn how to form indirect questions correctly for the exam.
indirect route
1/ɪndɚˈɛkt ɹˈaʊt/
fixed phrase
roundabout way of traveling
A way to go from one place to another that is not the shortest or straightest way.
Przykłady
- We took an indirect route to avoid the toll roads.
- The bus follows an indirect route through several small towns.
- An indirect route can sometimes be faster if the main road is very busy.
indirect rule
1/ɪndɚˈɛkt ɹˈul/
fixed phrase
formal
governing through local leaders
A way of ruling a country or area where the main power uses local leaders to control people, instead of ruling them directly.
Przykłady
- Under indirect rule, the colonial power governed through traditional chiefs.
- The history course includes a chapter on indirect rule in Africa.
- Indirect rule often kept local power structures in place while serving foreign interests.
indirect speech
1/ɪndɚˈɛkt spˈit͡ʃ/
fixed phrase
technical
grammar term for reported speech
A way of telling what someone said, but you change the words and the grammar instead of using their exact words.
Przykłady
- The textbook gives clear rules for turning direct speech into indirect speech.
- In indirect speech, pronouns and verb tenses usually change.
- News reports often use indirect speech to summarize long quotes.
indirect tax
1/ɪndɚˈɛkt tˈæks/
fixed phrase
technical
tax on spending, not income
A tax that you pay when you buy things, because it is included in the price of goods or services.
Przykłady
- Value-added tax is a common type of indirect tax.
- Many governments prefer to raise money through indirect taxes rather than income tax.
- Indirect taxes can be harder for people to notice because they are included in prices.