polarisation
gb/pˈoʊlɚɪsˈeɪʃən/ us/pˈoʊlɚɪsˈeɪʃən/
C1
Angielski
polarizáció, elektromos polarizáció
RZECZOWNIK
C1
1
polarizáció
C1
Schemat użycia:
polarisation between [groups]; polarisation over/on [an issue]; [adjective] polarisation
Political polarisation has made compromise in parliament much harder.
A politikai polarizáció sokkal nehezebbé tette a kompromisszumot a parlamentben.
Social media can intensify polarisation by showing people only views they already agree with.
A közösségi média fokozhatja a polarizációt azzal, hogy csak olyan nézeteket mutat az embereknek, amelyekkel már eleve egyetértenek.
The debate revealed a deep polarisation between younger and older voters.
Przykłady dla uczących się
The election increased polarisation in the country.
A választás növelte a polarizációt az országban.
The mayor tried to reduce polarisation.
A polgármester megpróbálta csökkenteni a polarizációt.
Częsty błąd:
In British English the usual spelling is polarisation; in American English it is polarization. It is usually uncountable in this meaning.
Znaczenie
division into opposing sides
Kolokacje
political polarisation
|social polarisation
|growing polarisation
|increasing polarisation
|deep polarisation
|ideological polarisation
|public polarisation
|media polarisation
|polarisation between voters
|reduce polarisation
Synonimy
division (more general; any separation, not necessarily into strongly opposed camps)
|
split (less formal and more general)
|
partisanship (mainly political; emphasizes loyalty to one side)
Antonimy
consensus (general agreement rather than sharp opposition)
|
unity (people or groups being joined rather than divided)
|
depolarisation (the reduction or reversal of polarisation)
Tematy
politics
|society
|media
|conflict
Definicja
a situation in which people separate into two strongly different groups with opposite opinions
the process or condition in which people, groups, opinions, or societies become split into sharply opposing sides, especially in politics
RZECZOWNIK
C2
TECHNICAL
2
polarizáció
C2
Schemat użycia:
polarisation of [light/a wave]; [linear/circular] polarisation
The polarisation of light explains why certain sunglasses reduce glare from water.
A fény polarizációja megmagyarázza, miért csökkentik bizonyos napszemüvegek a vízről visszaverődő csillogást.
The experiment used a filter to change the polarisation of the laser beam.
A kísérletben egy szűrővel változtatták meg a lézersugár polarizációját.
A camera can detect stress in plastic by measuring changes in light polarisation.
Przykłady dla uczących się
The sunglasses use polarisation to reduce glare.
A napszemüveg polarizációval csökkenti a csillogást.
Częsty błąd:
Polarisation describes the direction of a wave's vibration, not simply the brightness of light, although polarising filters can reduce brightness.
Znaczenie
directional filtering of waves
Kolokacje
light polarisation
|polarisation of light
|linear polarisation
|circular polarisation
|polarisation filter
|polarisation angle
|plane of polarisation
|wave polarisation
|polarisation state
|polarisation direction
Synonimy
orientation (broader term for direction; less specific than polarisation)
|
wave orientation (descriptive phrase rather than the standard technical term)
Antonimy
depolarisation (loss or removal of polarisation)
|
unpolarised light (light whose vibrations are not restricted to one plane)
Tematy
physics
|light
|optics
|science
Definicja
in physics, the way light or another wave is made to vibrate mainly in one direction
the process or state in which the vibrations of a transverse wave, especially light, are restricted to a particular direction or plane
RZECZOWNIK
C2
TECHNICAL
3
Schemat użycia:
polarisation of [a material/electrode/cell]; dielectric polarisation; induced polarisation
Dielectric polarisation allows some materials to store electrical energy in a capacitor.
A dielektromos polarizáció lehetővé teszi, hogy egyes anyagok elektromos energiát tároljanak egy kondenzátorban.
The sensor measures induced polarisation in the rock.
Az érzékelő a kőzetben létrejövő indukált polarizációt méri.
At the electrode surface, polarisation can reduce the efficiency of the cell.
Przykłady dla uczących się
The material showed polarisation when an electric field was applied.
Az anyag polarizációt mutatott, amikor elektromos teret alkalmaztak rá.
Częsty błąd:
In science, context matters: optical polarisation concerns waves, while electric polarisation concerns charges.
Znaczenie
separation of electric charges
Kolokacje
dielectric polarisation
|electric polarisation
|electrode polarisation
|ionic polarisation
|charge polarisation
|polarisation current
|induced polarisation
|polarisation field
|polarisation vector
|membrane polarisation
Synonimy
charge separation (more descriptive and less broad)
|
electric polarity (emphasizes the resulting positive and negative poles rather than the process)
Antonimy
depolarisation (reduction or removal of electrical polarisation)
|
charge neutrality (absence of separated positive and negative charge overall)
Tematy
physics
|electricity
|materials
|science
Definicja
in physics or chemistry, the movement or alignment of positive and negative charges in different directions
the separation or alignment of positive and negative electric charges in a material or system, producing an electric polarity
Gramatyka
Forma słownikowa
polarisation
IPA
GB/pˈoʊlɚɪsˈeɪʃən/
US/pˈoʊlɚɪsˈeɪʃən/
Sylaby i akcent
po - lar - isa - tion (4 sylaby)
Stress on 1st syllable (po)
Formy wyrazu
Noun
- Base: polarisation
- Plural: polarisation, polarisations
Wyrażenia
affective polarisation
1/əfˈɛktɪv pˈoʊlɚɪsˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
hostility toward political opponents
when people strongly dislike or distrust the other political side
Przykłady
- Affective polarisation is visible when voters see the other party as not just wrong but dangerous.
- The study measured affective polarisation by asking people how warmly they felt toward supporters of each party.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- Affective polarisation means people dislike the other side.
job polarisation
1/d͡ʒˈɑb pˈoʊlɚɪsˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
business
loss of middle-skill jobs
when there are more jobs at the top and bottom of the pay scale, but fewer middle-level jobs
Przykłady
- Automation has contributed to job polarisation in many rich economies.
- Job polarisation can leave workers with fewer secure middle-income options.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- Job polarisation has reduced the number of middle-income jobs.
polarisation of light
1/pˈoʊlɚɪsˈeɪʃən əv lˈaɪt/
fixed phrase
technical
light waves in one plane
a physics effect in which light waves vibrate mainly in one direction
Przykłady
- The polarisation of light is used in 3D cinema and LCD screens.
- Bees can detect the polarisation of light in the sky and use it for navigation.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- We used a filter to show the polarisation of light.
political polarisation
1/pəlˈɪtɪkəl pˈoʊlɚɪsˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
political division into camps
when people or parties in politics become very divided and unwilling to agree
Przykłady
- Political polarisation has made it difficult for the parties to pass basic legislation.
- Researchers found rising political polarisation among voters who get most of their news online.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- Political polarisation is growing before the election.
social polarisation
1/sˈoʊʃəl pˈoʊlɚɪsˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
formal
society split into groups
when different groups in society become more separate and less equal or less trusting
Przykłady
- Rapid growth in luxury housing and homelessness has increased social polarisation in the city.
- Schools can either reduce or reinforce social polarisation.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- Social polarisation can make communities less trusting.