substrate
gb/sˈʌbstɹˌeɪt/ us/sˈʌbstɹˌeɪt/
C1
Angielski
~ 9400
hordozó, szubsztrát, aljzat, szubsztrátum, alapréteg
RZECZOWNIK
C1
TECHNICAL
1
hordozó
B2
szubsztrát
C1
Schemat użycia:
a substrate for [process/material]
The circuits are fabricated on a thin silicon substrate.
Az áramköröket egy vékony szilícium-szubsztráton gyártják.
A glass substrate was used to support the solar cells during testing.
A vizsgálatok során üveg hordozót használtak a napelemek alátámasztására.
Rust developed where the paint no longer covered the metal substrate.
The choice of substrate strongly affects the strength of the adhesive bond.
Each sensor is printed onto a flexible plastic substrate.
Przykłady dla uczących się
The company prints labels on a paper substrate.
A cég papírhordozóra nyomtatja a címkéket.
We used a glass substrate to hold the thin film.
Üveg hordozót használtunk a vékonyréteg megtartására.
The paint did not stick well to the metal substrate.
The chips are made on a silicon substrate.
The plastic substrate bends without breaking.
Częsty błąd:
Learners sometimes confuse "substrate" with "substance" or "subject." "Substrate" is specifically the base material that supports something, especially in science and engineering. It is not used to mean a general material or a topic of discussion.
Znaczenie
underlying material or base layer
Kolokacje
silicon substrate
|glass substrate
|metal substrate
|rock substrate
|substrate material
|on the substrate
Synonimy
base (A more general, less technical word for the material something is built or placed on.)
Antonimy
coating (A layer that sits on top of a substrate, rather than being the base underneath it.)
Tematy
science
|technology
|engineering
Definicja
A base material that something is made on or put on.
A solid surface or material that forms the base on which another material, device, or layer is built, applied, or processed.
RZECZOWNIK
C1
TECHNICAL
2
aljzat
B2
szubsztrátum
C1
Schemat użycia:
[organism] lives on a [type of] substrate
These algae require a hard substrate to anchor themselves in the intertidal zone.
Ezeknek az algáknak kemény aljzatra van szükségük ahhoz, hogy a dagályövezetben megkapaszkodjanak.
The type of soil substrate strongly influences root development in many plant species.
A talajszubsztrát típusa sok növényfajnál erősen befolyásolja a gyökérfejlődést.
Benthic invertebrates often hide within the gravel substrate of the stream bed.
Larvae settle on the first suitable substrate they encounter, such as rocks or shells.
The experiment compared fish behavior over sandy and muddy substrates.
Przykłady dla uczących się
The coral needs a hard substrate to grow on.
A korallnak kemény aljzatra van szüksége a növekedéshez.
Some plants cannot grow in a rocky substrate.
Egyes növények nem tudnak sziklás aljzaton növekedni.
Worms live in the soft soil substrate.
The eggs stick to the stone substrate in the river.
Many small animals hide in the sand substrate at the bottom of the lake.
Częsty błąd:
Learners may think "substrate" simply means "place" or "habitat." A habitat is the whole environment, but a substrate is the specific surface or material an organism touches, lives on, or is attached to.
Znaczenie
surface an organism lives on
Kolokacje
soil substrate
|rock substrate
|sandy substrate
|aquatic substrate
|hard substrate
|substrate surface
Synonimy
surface (More general; can be any outer layer, while "substrate" in biology specifically refers to the surface or material where organisms live or attach.)
Antonimy
open water (In ecology, refers to water away from the bottom or solid surfaces, where there is no solid substrate for organisms to attach to.)
Tematy
biology
|environment
|science
|nature
|animals
Definicja
The place or material where a plant, animal, or other organism lives or grows, or holds onto.
The surface or material on or in which an organism lives, grows, feeds, or is attached.
RZECZOWNIK
C1
TECHNICAL
3
szubsztrát
C1
Schemat użycia:
a substrate for [enzyme]
The reaction rate increased as the substrate concentration was raised.
A reakciósebesség nőtt, ahogy emelték a szubsztrát koncentrációját.
This enzyme shows high specificity for its natural substrate.
Ez az enzim nagy specificitással ismeri fel természetes szubsztrátját.
When the substrate binds to the active site, the enzyme changes shape slightly.
At very high substrate levels, the enzyme exhibits substrate inhibition.
The researchers used a fluorescent substrate to track enzyme activity in real time.
Przykłady dla uczących się
The enzyme changes the substrate into a new molecule.
Az enzim a szubsztrátot új molekulává alakítja.
When there is more substrate, the reaction goes faster.
Ha több a szubsztrát, a reakció gyorsabban megy végbe.
This enzyme only works with one type of substrate.
The substrate fits into the enzyme like a key in a lock.
After the enzyme acts on the substrate, a product is made.
Częsty błąd:
Learners may confuse "substrate" with "enzyme" itself. The enzyme is the protein that does the work; the substrate is the substance that is changed by the enzyme. They may also mix up "substrate" and "product"; the substrate goes in, the product comes out.
Znaczenie
substance an enzyme acts on
Kolokacje
enzyme substrate
|substrate concentration
|substrate specificity
|substrate binding
|substrate molecule
|substrate inhibition
Synonimy
reactant (General chemistry word for a starting substance in a reaction; "substrate" is used specifically for the molecule acted on by an enzyme.)
Antonimy
product (In enzyme reactions, the product is the substance formed after the enzyme has acted on the substrate, so it is the result rather than the starting molecule.)
Tematy
biology
|chemistry
|medicine
|science
|health
Definicja
The substance that an enzyme works on and changes in a chemical reaction in the body or in a lab.
A molecule or substance upon which an enzyme acts, being chemically changed in the course of a biochemical reaction.
RZECZOWNIK
C2
FORMAL
4
szubsztrátum
C2
alapréteg
C1
Schemat użycia:
the [adjective] substrate of [abstract noun]
The novel explores the cultural substrate that shapes the characters' sense of identity.
A regény azt a kulturális szubsztrátumot vizsgálja, amely formálja a szereplők identitásérzetét.
Anxiety forms a constant emotional substrate beneath his seemingly calm behavior.
A látszólag nyugodt viselkedése alatt a szorongás állandó érzelmi alaprétegként húzódik meg.
These rituals rest on a deep religious substrate that is not always openly discussed.
The report examines the psychological substrate of political extremism.
Humor in the region shares a common historical substrate despite modern differences.
Przykłady dla uczących się
The writer talks about the cultural substrate of modern life.
Az író a modern élet kulturális szubsztrátumáról beszél.
Fear can be part of the emotional substrate of their actions.
A félelem része lehet a tetteik érzelmi alaprétegének.
There is a moral substrate under many of their choices.
Old beliefs create a hidden substrate in this society.
A shared history is the substrate for their national stories.
Częsty błąd:
Learners may try to use this sense of "substrate" in everyday conversation, where it sounds overly technical or heavy. For everyday speech, words like "basis," "root cause," or "background" are usually better choices.
Znaczenie
underlying cultural or mental basis
Kolokacje
cultural substrate
|emotional substrate
|psychological substrate
|ideological substrate
|moral substrate
Synonimy
underpinning (Common formal word for something that supports or lies behind an idea or system; "substrate" sounds more technical and abstract.)
Antonimy
surface appearance (Refers to the visible, outward traits, which are the opposite of the hidden underlying layer implied by "substrate.")
Tematy
society
|psychology
|philosophy
|education
|communication
Definicja
A hidden basic part that supports or influences things like culture, ideas, or feelings.
An underlying element, influence, or layer that supports, shapes, or gives rise to more visible cultural, mental, or social features.
Gramatyka
Forma słownikowa
substrate
IPA
GB/sˈʌbstɹˌeɪt/
US/sˈʌbstɹˌeɪt/
Sylaby i akcent
sub - strate (2 sylaby)
Stress on 1st syllable (sub)
Formy wyrazu
Noun
- Base: substrate
- Plural: substrates
Rodzina wyrazów
Forms
substrates
noun
Related words
substratum
noun
stratum
noun
stratify
verb
stratification
noun
Advanced or less common
substratal
adjective
stratigraphy
noun
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