toughness
gb/tˈʌfnəs/ us/tˈʌfnəs/
B2
Angielski
lelki erő, szívósság, strapabíróság, rágósság, kemény fellépés, keménység
RZECZOWNIK
B2
1
Schemat użycia:
the toughness to do [something]; toughness in the face of [something]
She showed real toughness when she lost her job and still kept going.
Igazi lelki erőt mutatott, amikor elvesztette az állását, és mégis kitartott.
The team’s toughness was obvious in the final minutes of the game.
A csapat lelki ereje a meccs utolsó perceiben egyértelműen látszott.
It takes toughness to admit you were wrong and try again.
Przykłady dla uczących się
You need toughness to finish the course.
Lelki erő kell ahhoz, hogy végigcsináld a tanfolyamot.
His toughness helped him stay calm.
A lelki ereje segített neki nyugodtnak maradni.
Częsty błąd:
Don’t confuse toughness (strength of character) with hardness (physical hard surface).
Znaczenie
mental strength under stress
Kolokacje
mental toughness
|emotional toughness
|inner toughness
|sheer toughness
|remarkable toughness
|toughness under pressure
|show toughness
|develop toughness
|lack toughness
|a test of toughness
Synonimy
resilience (focuses on recovering after difficulty)
|
grit (emphasizes long-term perseverance)
|
fortitude (more formal; bravery in suffering)
Antonimy
fragility (easily hurt or upset by difficulty)
|
weakness (lack of strength or resolve in challenges)
Tematy
emotions
|personal_growth
|sports
|work
Definicja
being strong and not giving up when life is hard
The ability to stay strong, calm, and determined in difficult or stressful situations.
RZECZOWNIK
B2
2
szívósság
C1
Schemat użycia:
the toughness of [material/object]
The toughness of this phone case protects it from drops.
Ennek a telefontoknak a strapabírósága védelmet nyújt eséskor.
Engineers increased the toughness of the alloy to prevent cracking.
A mérnökök növelték az ötvözet szívósságát, hogy megelőzzék a repedezést.
This backpack’s toughness makes it ideal for travel.
Przykłady dla uczących się
This material has good toughness.
Ennek az anyagnak jó a strapabírósága.
The box needs more toughness.
Ennek a doboznak strapabíróbbnak kell lennie.
Częsty błąd:
Toughness is not exactly the same as hardness; something can be hard but still break easily.
Znaczenie
resistance to damage or breaking
Kolokacje
material toughness
|surface toughness
|added toughness
|high toughness
|improved toughness
|toughness and durability
|toughness against scratches
|toughness of the fabric
|toughness of the plastic
|impact toughness
Synonimy
durability (emphasizes lasting a long time under use)
|
sturdiness (everyday word for being strongly built)
|
strength (more general; not specific to resisting damage)
Antonimy
brittleness (tends to crack or snap under stress)
|
delicacy (easily damaged; needing careful handling)
Tematy
daily_life
|materials
|construction
Definicja
being strong and not easily damaged
The quality of being strong and able to withstand force, wear, or damage without breaking.
RZECZOWNIK
B2
3
rágósság
B2
Schemat użycia:
the toughness of [food]
The toughness of the steak made it hard to enjoy.
A steak rágóssága miatt nehéz volt élvezni.
Overcooking increases the toughness of chicken breast.
A túlsütés növeli a csirkemell rágósságát.
I tried to fix the toughness by slicing it very thin.
Przykłady dla uczących się
The meat had a lot of toughness.
A hús nagyon rágós volt.
This steak is too tough.
Ez a steak túl rágós.
Częsty błąd:
In food contexts, toughness is negative (not ‘strong’ in a good way).
Znaczenie
chewy, hard-to-eat quality
Kolokacje
meat toughness
|the toughness of the steak
|reduce toughness
|unpleasant toughness
|toughness in the chicken
|toughness of the crust
|too much toughness
|toughness after overcooking
|noticeable toughness
|toughness and dryness
Synonimy
chewiness (can be neutral or positive in some foods; less negative than toughness)
|
stringiness (meat has fibers that pull apart in strings)
Antonimy
tenderness (easy to chew; desirable for meat)
|
softness (general lack of firmness or resistance)
Tematy
food
|daily_life
Definicja
when food is too hard to chew
The unpleasant quality of being hard to chew, cut, or bite through, especially in meat or bread.
RZECZOWNIK
C1
4
keménység
B1
Schemat użycia:
toughness on [issue]; toughness in [negotiations/leadership]
The manager’s toughness helped the team meet the deadline.
A vezető keménysége segített a csapatnak tartani a határidőt.
Voters responded to his toughness on corruption.
A választók pozitívan reagáltak a korrupcióval szembeni kemény fellépésére.
Her toughness in negotiations surprised the suppliers.
Przykłady dla uczących się
The coach’s toughness pushed us to work hard.
Az edző keménysége arra ösztönzött minket, hogy keményen dolgozzunk.
They wanted toughness in the new leader.
Keménységet akartak látni az új vezetőben.
Częsty błąd:
Toughness can sound positive (decisive) or negative (too harsh) depending on context.
Znaczenie
strict, uncompromising attitude
Kolokacje
project toughness
|display toughness
|political toughness
|toughness on crime
|toughness in negotiations
|a show of toughness
|unnecessary toughness
|toughness and discipline
|toughness with staff
|toughness toward rivals
Synonimy
firmness (more neutral; suggests steadiness rather than harshness)
|
severity (more negative; emphasizes harsh punishment or strictness)
Antonimy
leniency (willingness to be less strict or to forgive)
|
softness (lack of strictness or force in approach)
Tematy
business
|politics
|relationships
Definicja
being very strict and not giving in easily
A forceful, hard, or uncompromising approach, especially in leadership, negotiations, or policy.
RZECZOWNIK
C1
TECHNICAL
5
szívósság
C1
Schemat użycia:
toughness of [material]; measure toughness
The report compares the toughness of several composite materials.
A jelentés több kompozit anyag szívósságát hasonlítja össze.
Heat treatment can improve toughness while maintaining strength.
A hőkezelés javíthatja a szívósságot a szilárdság megőrzése mellett.
Engineers tested the sample’s toughness at low temperatures.
Częsty błąd:
In technical use, toughness is distinct from hardness and strength and is measured by specific tests.
Znaczenie
engineering measure of crack resistance
Kolokacje
fracture toughness
|impact toughness
|toughness value
|toughness testing
|toughness measurement
|increase toughness
|toughness of the alloy
|high-toughness steel
|toughness and ductility
|crack resistance
Synonimy
fracture resistance (emphasizes resisting cracks; close technical paraphrase)
Antonimy
brittleness (tendency to fracture with little deformation or energy absorption)
Tematy
engineering
|materials
|science
Definicja
(technical) how well a material resists breaking
In engineering and materials science, the ability of a material to absorb energy and resist cracking or fracturing, often measured under specified test conditions.
Gramatyka
Forma słownikowa
toughness
IPA
GB/tˈʌfnəs/
US/tˈʌfnəs/
Sylaby i akcent
tough - ness (2 sylaby)
Stress on 1st syllable (tough)
Formy wyrazu
Noun
- Base: toughness
- Plural: toughness, toughnesses
Wyrażenia
fracture toughness
1/fɹˈækt͡ʃɚ tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
technical
material’s resistance to cracking
A measure of how well a material can resist cracks growing and causing it to break.
Przykłady
- Engineers tested the fracture toughness of the new alloy.
- High fracture toughness is important for aircraft materials.
fracture toughness
1/fɹˈækt͡ʃɚ tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
technical
resistance to crack growth
(technical) how hard it is for a crack to spread
Przykłady
- This alloy has high fracture toughness, so cracks spread more slowly.
- The lab measured fracture toughness at different temperatures.
- Designers choose materials based on strength and fracture toughness.
mental toughness
1/mˈɛntəl tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
focus and confidence under pressure
staying strong in your mind when things are hard
Przykłady
- The coach trains players to build mental toughness.
- Finishing the marathon required mental toughness.
- Her mental toughness helped her handle criticism.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- Mental toughness helps in stressful times.
physical toughness
1/fˈɪzɪkəl tˈʌfnəs/
fixed phrase
ability to handle physical strain
being strong enough for hard physical activity
Przykłady
- Preseason training is designed to build physical toughness.
- Hiking in winter tests physical toughness.
- They added strength work to improve physical toughness.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- Training improves physical toughness.
toughness on crime
1/tˈʌfnəs ˈɔn kɹˈaɪm/
fixed phrase
strict approach to crime
being very strict about crime and punishment
Przykłady
- The candidate promised toughness on crime during the campaign.
- Critics argued that toughness on crime did not reduce reoffending.
- The mayor emphasized prevention rather than toughness on crime.
toughness test
1/tˈʌfnəs tˈɛst/
fixed phrase
situation proving how tough
a hard challenge that shows strength
Przykłady
- Working night shifts was a real toughness test for him.
- The final interview felt like a toughness test.
- The heat turned the hike into a toughness test.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- The long run was a toughness test.
toughness training
1/tˈʌfnəs tɹˈeɪnɪŋ/
fixed phrase
practice to build toughness
training to become tougher
Przykłady
- The program includes toughness training as well as strength work.
- Some teams use toughness training to prepare for high-pressure games.
- Their toughness training focuses on fatigue and decision-making.