fluency
gb/flˈuənsi/ us/flˈuənsi/
B2
Angielski
Znaczenia
0 znaczeń
Rzeczownik
B2
property
1
ability to use a language smoothly
the ability to speak a language easily and well
Schemat użycia:
fluency in [a language]
Częsty błąd:
Fluency mainly means speaking smoothly; it does not always mean perfect grammar or a native accent.
Synonimy
proficiency (Broader; includes overall skill, not just smoothness.)
|
command (Emphasizes control over a language.)
Antonimy
hesitancy (Highlights frequent pauses or uncertainty.)
|
disfluency (The opposite of smooth, continuous speech.)
Kolokacje
achieve fluency
|gain fluency
|develop fluency
|native-like fluency
|oral fluency
|spoken fluency
|written fluency
|fluency in English
|fluency in Spanish
|a high level of fluency
Tematy
language_learning
|education
|communication
Przykłady
- After a year abroad, her fluency in Italian improved dramatically.
- The job requires fluency in both English and Mandarin.
- He speaks with impressive fluency for someone who started learning last year.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- I want fluency in English.
- Practice every day to improve your fluency.
Rzeczownik
C1
property
2
smooth, effortless speaking or writing
speaking or writing smoothly and easily
Schemat użycia:
with fluency; [someone]'s fluency
Częsty błąd:
Do not use *fluency* to mean 'confidence' alone; it focuses on smooth, easy expression.
Synonimy
smoothness (More general; can apply to many things beyond language.)
|
articulateness (Focuses on clear expression of ideas.)
Antonimy
awkwardness (Emphasizes clumsy, unnatural expression.)
|
haltingness (Emphasizes frequent stops and starts.)
Kolokacje
speak with fluency
|write with fluency
|ease and fluency
|clarity and fluency
|fluency of style
|fluency of expression
|fluency and precision
|a lack of fluency
|improve fluency
|natural fluency
Tematy
communication
|writing
|public_speaking
Przykłady
- She answered the questions with fluency and calm.
- The essay has fluency but needs stronger evidence.
- His fluency dropped when he started reading from notes.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- She speaks with fluency.
- My writing needs more fluency.
Rzeczownik
C1
property
3
quick, accurate performance of a skill
doing a skill easily and correctly
Schemat użycia:
fluency with [a skill/task]; fluency in [a skill area]
Częsty błąd:
In education, *fluency* can apply to skills like math or typing, not only to languages.
Synonimy
mastery (Often implies a higher, more complete level of skill.)
|
automaticity (Technical term emphasizing doing something without conscious effort.)
Antonimy
clumsiness (Suggests uncoordinated or error-prone performance.)
|
difficulty (General lack of ease in performing the skill.)
Kolokacje
math fluency
|reading fluency
|computational fluency
|build fluency
|develop fluency
|fluency with numbers
|fluency with multiplication facts
|automaticity and fluency
|practice for fluency
|fluency drills
Tematy
education
|skills
|learning
Przykłady
- Regular practice helped her build fluency with mental arithmetic.
- The course focuses on fluency before introducing more complex problems.
- He has fluency on the keyboard, so he types without looking.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- I need more fluency in math.
- Practice helps me get fluency.
Rzeczownik
C1
property
4
smooth, graceful movement or performance
moving easily and smoothly
Schemat użycia:
fluency of [movement/action]
Częsty błąd:
This sense is less common than language fluency; it is often used in arts and sports contexts.
Synonimy
fluidity (Very close; emphasizes continuous, flowing motion.)
|
grace (Adds a sense of elegance.)
Antonimy
stiffness (Lack of smooth, free movement.)
|
jerkiness (Movement that is uneven and stop-start.)
Kolokacje
fluency of movement
|fluency of motion
|fluency and grace
|fluency and control
|fluency in dance
|fluency on the court
|fluency in performance
|loss of fluency
|fluidity and fluency
|natural fluency
Tematy
sports
|arts
|performance
Przykłady
- With training, she regained the fluency of her movements.
- The pianist played with fluency and control.
- His fluency on the field makes the game look effortless.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- The dancer moved with fluency.
- Practice gave him more fluency.
Rzeczownik
technical
C2
property
5
continuity of speech in therapy
how smooth a person’s speech is (medical use)
Schemat użycia:
assess [someone]'s fluency; fluency therapy
Częsty błąd:
In this field, *fluency* is about speech flow (e.g., stuttering), not about vocabulary size or grammar knowledge.
Synonimy
speech flow (Plain-language description used in explanations.)
Antonimy
stuttering (A common cause of disrupted fluency.)
|
disfluency (General term for interruptions in speech flow.)
Kolokacje
speech fluency
|fluency disorder
|fluency shaping
|fluency therapy
|assess fluency
|measure fluency
|fluency breaks
|stuttering and fluency
|fluency techniques
|increase fluency
Tematy
health
|speech
|therapy
Przykłady
- The clinician assessed his fluency during conversation and reading.
- Fluency improved after several weeks of therapy.
- Stress can reduce fluency and increase speech blocks.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- The therapist checked his fluency.
Rzeczownik
technical
C2
property
6
ease of mental processing
how easy something is to understand (technical use)
Schemat użycia:
increase fluency; reduce fluency; perceptual fluency
Częsty błąd:
This sense is usually discussed in psychology; in everyday English, people more often say something is 'easy to process' or 'easy to understand.'
Synonimy
ease of processing (More explicit, less jargon.)
Antonimy
cognitive strain (The opposite feeling of effortful processing.)
|
difficulty (General lack of ease in understanding.)
Kolokacje
processing fluency
|perceptual fluency
|cognitive fluency
|increase fluency
|reduce fluency
|fluency effects
|fluency-based judgments
|ease and fluency
|fluency heuristic
|low fluency
Tematy
psychology
|communication
|marketing
Przykłady
- Clear fonts can increase fluency and make a message feel more trustworthy.
- When fluency is low, people often slow down and question what they are reading.
- Researchers studied how fluency influences decisions under time pressure.
Gramatyka
Forma słownikowa
fluency
IPA
GB/flˈuənsi/
US/flˈuənsi/
Sylaby i akcent
flu - ency (2 sylaby)
Stress on 1st syllable (flu)
Formy wyrazu
Noun
- Base: fluency
- Plural: fluencies, fluency
Rodzina wyrazów
Wyrażenia
fluency disorder
1/flˈuənsi dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/
fixed phrase
technical
condition affecting speech flow
a speech problem that stops smooth talking
Przykłady
- He was diagnosed with a fluency disorder in early childhood.
- The clinic specializes in treating fluency disorders.
- A fluency disorder can affect confidence in social situations.
native-like fluency
1/nˈeɪtɪv lˈaɪk flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
fluency similar to a native speaker
speaking very fluently, like a native speaker
Przykłady
- It took years of immersion to reach native-like fluency.
- Her native-like fluency makes her sound completely natural in meetings.
- He has native-like fluency, but he still makes occasional spelling mistakes.
oral fluency
1/ˈɔɹəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
smooth, natural spoken language
speaking smoothly and easily
Przykłady
- Conversation classes are designed to build oral fluency.
- The exam includes a speaking section that tests oral fluency.
- She has strong grammar but still needs more oral fluency.
processing fluency
1/pɹˈɑsɛsɪŋ flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
how easily information is processed
how easy something is for the brain to understand
Przykłady
- Simple layouts increase processing fluency and reduce confusion.
- Low processing fluency can make a true statement feel less believable.
- The study manipulated processing fluency by changing font clarity.
reading fluency
1/ɹˈidɪŋ flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
reading smoothly with good pace
reading easily, correctly, and smoothly
Przykłady
- Daily practice helped improve his reading fluency.
- Teachers often measure reading fluency with timed passages.
- Her reading fluency increased as her vocabulary grew.
verbal fluency
1/vˈɚbəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
ease and speed of speaking
How easily and quickly a person can say many words correctly.
Przykłady
- The test is designed to measure verbal fluency in older adults.
- Bilingual speakers sometimes show higher verbal fluency in one language.
verbal fluency
1/vˈɚbəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
ability to produce words quickly
quickly finding and saying words (often in tests)
Przykłady
- The neurologist used a verbal fluency task to assess language function.
- Stress and fatigue can reduce verbal fluency.
- Participants completed a verbal fluency test in under two minutes.