substitution
gb/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən/ us/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən/
B2
Angielski
~ 7800
Znaczenia
0 znaczeń
Rzeczownik
B2
action
1
act of replacing something
The act of using one person or thing instead of another person or thing.
Schemat użycia:
the substitution of [A] for [B]
Częsty błąd:
Learners often confuse the prepositions in this pattern. The usual pattern is "the substitution of A for B", meaning A replaces B. For example, "the substitution of honey for sugar" means honey is used instead of sugar. Many learners mistakenly say *"substitution of sugar for honey"* when they actually mean the opposite.
Synonimy
replacement (The most general and common word for putting one thing or person in place of another.)
Antonimy
retention (Focuses on keeping the original person or thing instead of changing it.)
Kolokacje
the substitution of A for B
|make a substitution
|serve as a substitution for
|use [something] as a substitution
|by substitution
Tematy
daily life
|work
|core_vocabulary
|daily_life
Przykłady
- The substitution of plant-based milk for dairy has become very common.
- We recommend the substitution of online forms for paper applications to save time.
- There will be no substitution of speakers; the original panel will stay the same.
- As a quick substitution, you can use lemon juice instead of vinegar.
- The policy allows the substitution of work experience for some academic credits.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- The substitution of sugar with honey makes the cake healthier.
- There was a last-minute substitution of the main actor in the play.
- You can make a substitution if you do not have this ingredient.
- The teacher allowed the substitution of an online test for the paper test.
- The recipe suggests the substitution of oil for butter.
Rzeczownik
B2
action
2
player change in sports
When a team takes one player out of the game and sends a different player in.
Schemat użycia:
make a substitution
Częsty błąd:
Learners sometimes say *"change a substitution"* or *"do a substitution". The natural verb is usually "make": "make a substitution". Also, "substitution" is the action; the new player is called a "substitute", not a "substitution".
Synonimy
player change (Clear everyday description; less technical than "substitution" and not usually used as an official term.)
Antonimy
unchanged lineup (Describes the opposite situation, where no players are replaced during the game.)
Kolokacje
make a substitution
|tactical substitution
|late substitution
|first-half substitution
|defensive substitution
Tematy
sports
Przykłady
- The coach made a late substitution to add fresh legs in midfield.
- Due to injury, the team had to make an early substitution.
- His substitution at half-time changed the course of the match.
- The rules allow three substitutions per team in this competition.
- A tactical substitution brought on an extra defender to protect the lead.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- The coach made a substitution after the goal.
- They used all three substitutions in the second half.
- Her substitution in the game helped the team win.
- Because he was tired, the coach made a substitution.
- The referee did not see the signal for the substitution.
Rzeczownik
technical
C1
action
3
mathematical variable replacement
In math, putting one number or expression in place of a letter oranother expression to help solve a problem.
Schemat użycia:
solve [something] by substitution
Częsty błąd:
Learners sometimes confuse the adjective "substitutional" or say *"substitutive method" instead of the standard phrase "substitution method". They may also overuse "put" instead of the more natural verb "substitute" or the noun phrase "make a substitution" in math explanations.
Synonimy
variable replacement (A descriptive phrase that explains the idea, used in teaching but less often as a set term.)
Antonimy
elimination method (A common alternative method for solving systems of equations that does not rely on substitution.)
Kolokacje
solve by substitution
|substitution method
|u-substitution
|substitution into the formula
|algebraic substitution
Tematy
mathematics
|education
|science
Przykłady
- We can solve this system of equations using substitution.
- Substitution is often the easiest method when one equation is already solved for a variable.
- The teacher demonstrated u-substitution to evaluate the integral.
- After substitution of x = 2, the expression becomes easy to calculate.
- Careful substitution into the formula prevents simple arithmetic errors.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- We will solve these two equations by substitution.
- Substitution is a common method in algebra.
- After substitution, the new equation is simpler.
- Please try substitution to find the value of x.
- The teacher showed how substitution works step by step.
Rzeczownik
technical
C1
event
4
chemical substitution reaction
In chemistry, a type of reaction where one part of a molecule is taken away and another part is put in its place.
Schemat użycia:
a substitution of [group] for [group]
Częsty błąd:
Learners may confuse "substitution reaction" with "substitute" as a verb in everyday language and may not realize that, in chemistry, it has a very specific technical meaning. They also sometimes mix up substitution and addition reactions because both change a molecule.
Synonimy
replacement reaction (A close technical term; sometimes used more broadly, but often overlaps strongly with substitution reactions.)
Antonimy
addition reaction (A different type of reaction where atoms or groups are added to a molecule instead of replacing parts of it.)
Kolokacje
substitution reaction
|electrophilic substitution
|nucleophilic substitution
|substitution of chlorine for hydrogen
|radical substitution
Tematy
science
|chemistry
Przykłady
- Chlorination of methane is a typical example of a substitution reaction.
- Nucleophilic substitution involves a nucleophile replacing a leaving group.
- In this experiment, you will observe an electrophilic aromatic substitution.
- The substitution of bromine for chlorine significantly changes the compound’s properties.
- Substitution reactions are common in organic synthesis.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- In this lab we study a substitution reaction.
- A substitution reaction replaces one group with another group.
- Electrophilic substitution happens in some organic compounds.
- Nucleophilic substitution is an important reaction in chemistry.
- The teacher drew a simple example of a substitution on the board.
Rzeczownik
technical
C2
action
5
linguistic replacement of form
In language study, using one word or phrase instead of another word or phrase that it refers to.
Schemat użycia:
substitution of [form] for [form]
Częsty błąd:
Learners may not realize that "substitution" in linguistics is a technical term and may think it has only the everyday meaning of simple replacement, missing its specific role in cohesion and grammatical tests.
Synonimy
replacement (A more general word that can describe the same idea, but without the technical focus on grammatical structure.)
Antonimy
repetition (In discourse and grammar, the opposite strategy is to repeat the same form instead of substituting another one.)
Kolokacje
pronoun substitution
|auxiliary substitution
|substitution test
|nominal substitution
|substitution in cohesion
Tematy
language
|linguistics
|education
|communication
Przykłady
- Pronoun substitution helps avoid repetition in a text.
- In cohesion analysis, substitution is one of the key grammatical devices.
- We can use a substitution test to check whether this phrase functions as a noun phrase.
- Auxiliary substitution occurs when an auxiliary verb stands in for a whole verb phrase.
- The student confused ellipsis with substitution in her analysis.
Przykłady dla uczących się
- Substitution is an important idea in grammar studies.
- Pronoun substitution can make writing less repetitive.
- Teachers sometimes use a substitution test to find the word class.
- In this sentence, there is substitution of a pronoun for a noun phrase.
- Substitution and repetition are two different ways to connect ideas.
Gramatyka
Forma słownikowa
substitution
IPA
GB/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən/
US/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən/
Sylaby i akcent
sub - sti - tu - tion (4 sylaby)
Stress on 3rd syllable (tu)
Formy wyrazu
Noun
- Base: substitution
- Plural: substitution, substitutions
Rodzina wyrazów
Forms
substitutions
noun
Core family
substitute
verb B1
Related words
replace
verb A2
replacement
noun A2
Advanced or less common
substitutable
adjective
Wyrażenia
no substitutions
1/nˈoʊ sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃənz/
fixed phrase
changes to the offer not allowed
Used especially in restaurants and shops to say that you cannot change items, swap ingredients, or ask for different options than those listed.
Przykłady
- The lunch special comes as listed—sorry, no substitutions.
- The menu clearly states "no substitutions" for discounted items.
- Because of the fixed price, the chef allows no substitutions on this menu.
substitution cipher
1/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən sˈaɪfɚ/
fixed phrase
technical
code using symbol replacement
A simple code where each letter or group of letters in a message is always changed into another letter or group of letters.
Przykłady
- The Caesar cipher is a basic substitution cipher.
- In a substitution cipher, frequency analysis can help break the code.
- The puzzle used a simple substitution cipher to hide the message.
substitution cipher
1/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən sˈaɪfɚ/
fixed phrase
replacement-based cipher
A code that hides a message by replacing each letter or symbol with another one.
Przykłady
- The newspaper puzzle was a substitution cipher with a different symbol for every letter.
- Frequency analysis can help solve a simple substitution cipher.
- She created a substitution cipher for the escape-room clue.
substitution effect
1/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən ɪfˈɛkt/
fixed phrase
technical
demand change from price-driven switching
In economics, the way people change what they buy when the price of one good goes up or down compared to another, so they switch to the cheaper one.
Przykłady
- Higher beef prices and stable chicken prices created a strong substitution effect.
- The substitution effect explains part of why demand curves slope downward.
- Economists separate the income effect and the substitution effect when analyzing consumer behavior.
substitution method
1/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən mˈɛθəd/
fixed phrase
technical
math method using substitution
A way to solve equations or other math problems by writing one variable in terms of another and putting that into the equation.
Przykłady
- We’ll use the substitution method to solve this system of equations.
- For these integrals, the substitution method is usually faster than integration by parts.
- The teacher compared the substitution method with the elimination method.
substitution reaction
1/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən ɹiˈækʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
reaction replacing part of molecule
A type of chemical reaction where one part of a molecule is removed and another part is put in its place.
Przykłady
- Bromination of alkanes is a classic substitution reaction.
- Students must be able to name products of a substitution reaction in this exam.
- This chapter focuses on nucleophilic substitution reactions.
substitution therapy
1/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən θˈɛɹəpi/
fixed phrase
technical
medical treatment replacing substances
A medical treatment in which doctors give a patient a substance, such as a hormone or medicine, to replace something important that the body does not have enough of.
Przykłady
- Patients with this condition often require lifelong hormone substitution therapy.
- Nicotine substitution therapy can help people stop smoking.
- The clinic specializes in opioid substitution therapy programs.
u-substitution
1/jˈu sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
calculus substitution with u
In calculus, a special kind of substitution method where you choose a part of an expression to be a new variable called "u" to make an integral easier to solve.
Przykłady
- Many first-year calculus problems can be solved with u-substitution.
- The professor spent the whole lesson on u-substitution and basic integrals.
- Once you identify the inner function, u-substitution becomes straightforward.