specialization
gb/spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/ us/spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/
B2
Engleză
~ 8000
Sensuri
0 sensuri
Substantiv
B2
entity
1
main field of work or study
A main subject or skill that a person chooses to focus on and become very good at.
Tipar de utilizare:
[someone]'s specialization is [field]
Greșeală frecventă:
Learners often confuse "specialization" with "major." In university contexts, "major" is more common in everyday speech (especially in American English), while "specialization" can sound more formal or narrow. Another mistake is using the wrong preposition: say "a specialization in marketing," not "a specialization on marketing."
Sinonime
specialty (Very close in meaning; often a bit more informal and slightly more common in everyday speech, especially for jobs and food (e.g., a chef’s specialty).)
Antonime
generalist (Refers to a person who has broad skills and knowledge in many areas instead of one clear specialization.)
Colocații
area of specialization
|field of specialization
|medical specialization
|technical specialization
|professional specialization
|academic specialization
Teme
education
|work
|business
|core_vocabulary
Exemple
- Her main specialization is environmental law.
- The program allows students to choose a specialization in their final year.
- Data security is a growing specialization within information technology.
- He completed his medical degree with a specialization in cardiology.
- Marketing analytics has become a highly valued specialization in many companies.
Exemple pentru cursanți
- My specialization is computer graphics.
- She wants a specialization in child psychology.
- This course is good for students with a business specialization.
- He changed his specialization from chemistry to biology.
- IT security is a useful specialization today.
Substantiv
C1
action
2
process of narrowing focus
The act of doing or learning fewer kinds of things so you can do those few things very well.
Tipar de utilizare:
the specialization of [work/roles/tasks]
Greșeală frecventă:
Learners sometimes treat this sense as always countable. When talking about the general trend or process, "specialization" is usually uncountable (e.g., "increasing specialization," not *"an increasing specialization" unless you mean one specific case).
Sinonime
narrowing (More general word; does not always include the idea of professional or functional focus that "specialization" has.)
Antonime
diversification (Describes doing or producing many different kinds of things, the opposite of focusing on a narrow set of tasks.)
Colocații
increasing specialization
|job specialization
|role specialization
|high degree of specialization
|division and specialization of labor
|trend toward specialization
Teme
work
|business
|society
|education
Exemple
- Increasing specialization in the workplace has created many highly focused roles.
- The specialization of tasks helped the company produce goods more efficiently.
- Modern societies rely on a high level of specialization to function smoothly.
- In smaller firms, there is less specialization, so employees must handle many different duties.
- The report describes a clear trend toward specialization in higher education.
Exemple pentru cursanți
- There is more specialization in big companies.
- Specialization of work can save time.
- Modern life needs a high level of specialization.
- With less specialization, each worker does many jobs.
- The book talks about specialization in modern society.
Substantiv
technical
C1
event
3
cells or organs becoming specialized
In biology, the way that cells or body parts change so they can do one special job well.
Tipar de utilizare:
the specialization of [cells/tissues/organs] for [function]
Greșeală frecventă:
Learners may confuse "specialization" with "species" or "speciation" in biology because of similar spelling. "Specialization" is about cells or parts getting a specific job; "speciation" is about new species forming.
Sinonime
differentiation (More precise technical term in biology; often used specifically for cells becoming different types, while "specialization" can more broadly emphasize the function.)
Antonime
undifferentiated (Describes cells or tissues that have not taken on a specific structure or function, which is the opposite state of specialized structures.)
Colocații
cell specialization
|functional specialization
|specialization of cells
|specialization of tissues
|neural specialization
|adaptation and specialization
Teme
biology
|science
|health
Exemple
- Cell specialization allows muscle cells and nerve cells to perform very different functions.
- The specialization of tissues is essential for the development of complex organisms.
- Brain specialization helps different regions control movement, language, and vision.
- Evolution has led to extreme specialization in the feeding structures of some insects.
- The paper explores the relationship between cell specialization and organism complexity.
Exemple pentru cursanți
- Cell specialization happens as the body grows.
- Specialization of cells lets them do different jobs.
- Tissue specialization is important in complex animals.
- Brain specialization means different parts do different things.
- In biology class we studied cell specialization.
Substantiv
technical
C1
state
4
economic focus on certain products
In economics, when people or places make only a few kinds of products or services so they can do them very well and trade with others.
Tipar de utilizare:
specialization in the production of [goods/services]
Greșeală frecventă:
Learners sometimes use "specialization" here to talk about a person’s job choice (which fits sense 1) instead of a wider economic pattern. When the subject is a country, industry, or region, it usually refers to the economic sense.
Sinonime
division of labor (Related but not identical; "division of labor" is about splitting tasks, while "specialization" focuses on repeatedly doing a limited set of tasks or products.)
Antonime
self-sufficiency (Describes producing everything you need yourself instead of specializing and relying on trade.)
Colocații
economic specialization
|regional specialization
|trade and specialization
|specialization and comparative advantage
|specialization in services
|industrial specialization
Teme
economics
|business
|finance
Exemple
- International trade is driven by specialization and comparative advantage.
- The region’s specialization in high-tech manufacturing has boosted its economy.
- Economic specialization allows countries to focus on what they produce most efficiently.
- Over time, industrial specialization has made global supply chains more complex.
- The textbook explains how specialization and trade can increase total output.
Exemple pentru cursanți
- Many countries gain from specialization and trade.
- This city’s specialization is car production.
- Economic specialization can make workers more efficient.
- Regional specialization means each area makes different things.
- The lesson was about specialization in international trade.
Gramatică
Forma de dicționar
specialization
IPA
GB/spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/
US/spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/
Silabe și accent
spe - cial - iz - a - tion (5 silabe)
Stress on 4th syllable (a)
Forme ale cuvântului
Noun
- Base: specialization
- Plural: specialization, specializations
Familie de cuvinte
Forms
specializations
noun
Core family
special
adjective A2
specialize
verb B1
specialist
noun B1
specialized
adjective
especially
adverb A2
Negative and opposite forms
unspecialized
adjective
generalist
noun C1
Advanced or less common
specialism
noun
overspecialization
noun
Expresii
area of specialization
1/ˈɛɹiə əv spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
person’s main expert field
The subject or skill that a person mainly works in or studies and knows best.
Exemple
- My area of specialization is corporate finance.
- The university is known for its strong areas of specialization in engineering and medicine.
- You should choose an area of specialization that matches your interests.
field of specialization
1/fˈild əv spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
professional or academic domain
The professional or study area that someone has chosen to focus on.
Exemple
- Her field of specialization is international human rights law.
- Applicants must state their field of specialization on the form.
- Neuroscience is a challenging field of specialization.