Certainty Signal
How sure is the speaker?
Maana
A signal of certainty, probability, doubt, assumption, hearsay, inference, or confidence.
Jinsi ya kuitambua
Look for words like certainly, probably, maybe, apparently.
Mifano
certainly|probably|maybe|apparently|surely
probably true|maybe later|apparently finished
She is probably at home.
Visual guide
claim: She is at home.
^
certainty layer:
how sure is speaker?
maybe -> probably -> certainly
low mid high
Where can E07 live? adverb: probably particle: maybe modal verb: MOD + verb verb/mood: CERT-form same job: confidence
Mtazamo wa lugha
Katika lugha yako ya kwanza
English certainty is expressed with modals, adverbs, stance verbs, and intonation.
She must be at home.
must = strong inference/certainty
Katika lugha unayojifunza
Certainty is expressed with adverbs and phrase frames, and the level of certainty often affects mood.
Seguro que viene. Tal vez venga.
He/she surely comes. Maybe he/she comes.
Learners may not connect certainty expressions with indicative/subjunctive choice.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.