Quoted / Reported Speech
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Reported speech
Who said or thought it?
advanced
advanced
Information structure
ความหมาย
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
วิธีสังเกต
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
ตัวอย่าง
คำ
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
วลี
he said that|she asked if|according to him
ประโยค
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Compare shape
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
มุมมองภาษา
ในภาษาของคุณ
Japanese
ระดับการปรากฏ
strong
ความสำคัญ
Reported speech commonly uses the quotative particle と and speech verbs.
彼女は疲れたと言った。
She said that she was tired.
ในภาษาที่กำลังเรียน
Korean (South Korean standard)
ระดับการปรากฏ
strong
ความยาก
Reported speech uses quotation endings such as -다고, -라고, -냐고, -자고 before a reporting verb.
그가 온다고 했어요.
He said that he is coming.
ปัญหาที่ผู้เรียนมักพบ
Learners often omit the correct quotation ending or use one form for statements, questions, and commands.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.