Scope Lamp
Scope
Operator
Focus-sensitive particle
What does this marker apply to?
booster
intermediate
Information structure
Kahulugan
The range affected by a word or marker such as not, only, also, all, every, already, still, almost, or even.
Paano ito matukoy
Move the marker mentally and observe what meaning changes.
Mga halimbawa
Mga salita
only|also|not|all|every|almost|still
Mga parirala
only Anna|not all|almost finished
Pangungusap
Only John saw Mary.
Visual guide
Basic shape
Scope = lit area
Only [John] saw Mary
^^^^
only applies here
Meaning:
John, not others,
saw Mary.
Compare shape
Move the lamp: Only [John] saw Mary = subject in scope John only [saw Mary] = whole event in scope John saw only [Mary] = object in scope
Pagsusuri ayon sa wika
Sa iyong wika
Arabic (Modern Standard)
Paglitaw
strong
Kahalagahan
Scope is important with negation, إلا, فقط, كل, بعض and similar operators.
لا أقرأ إلا الكتبَ المفيدة.
I read only useful books.
Sa wikang pinag-aaralan
German (standard)
Paglitaw
strong
Antas ng hirap
Scope depends on particles and their position, especially nur, auch, schon and noch.
Ich lese nur den ersten Teil.
I read only the first part.
Karaniwang hamon ng mag-aaral
Learners may place only/also equivalents where they modify the wrong element.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.