bum
gb/bˈʌm/ us/bˈʌm/
B1
Англійська
fenék, csöves, naplopó, lejmol, pocsék, rossz
ІМЕННИК
B1
INFORMAL
1
fenék
A2
Модель уживання:
on [someone]'s bum
I slipped on the ice and landed on my bum.
Megcsúsztam a jégen, és a fenekemre estem.
The bike seat made my bum sore after an hour.
Egy óra után fájt a fenekem a bicikliüléstől.
He plopped down on his bum and refused to move.
Навчальні приклади
I fell on my bum.
A fenekemre estem.
My bum hurts from sitting.
Fáj a fenekem az üléstől.
Поширена помилка:
Don’t use this word in very formal situations; use “buttocks” instead.
Значення
the buttocks
Словосполучення
sit on your bum
|fall on your bum
|land on your bum
|get off your bum
|kick in the bum
|pain in my bum
|cold bum
Синоніми
butt (Very common and informal, especially in American English.)
|
backside (Slightly more polite and common in British English.)
|
rear (More neutral/euphemistic.)
Теми
body
|daily_life
Визначення
the two round parts you sit on
A person’s buttocks.
ІМЕННИК
B2
SLANG
2
csöves
B2
Модель уживання:
a bum (on/at/by [place])
He used to call anyone sleeping outside a bum, which I thought was harsh.
Régebben mindenkit, aki kint aludt, csövesnek nevezett, amit én durvának tartottam.
People complained about bums hanging around the station.
Az emberek panaszkodtak, hogy csövesek lézengenek az állomás környékén.
A bum asked me for spare change outside the store.
Навчальні приклади
A homeless man asked for money.
Egy hajléktalan férfi pénzt kért.
Поширена помилка:
Because it can sound insulting, use “homeless person” in polite conversation.
Значення
a homeless person
Словосполучення
a street bum
|a bum on the corner
|a bum in the park
|drunks and bums
Синоніми
homeless person (Neutral and preferred in polite speech.)
|
vagrant (More formal and less insulting.)
Антоніми
homeowner (Opposite in terms of having stable housing.)
Теми
society
|people
Визначення
a homeless person (can sound rude)
A homeless person who lives by begging or sleeping in public places; often used as a negative label and can be offensive.
ІМЕННИК
B2
SLANG
3
naplopó
B2
Модель уживання:
a bum
Stop being a bum and help with the dishes.
Ne légy már naplopó, inkább segíts mosogatni.
He called his brother a bum for never keeping a job.
Naplopónak nevezte a bátyját, amiért az sosem tudott megtartani egy állást.
I felt like a bum after sleeping until noon.
Навчальні приклади
Don’t be a bum.
Ne légy naplopó.
Поширена помилка:
This is usually an insult; avoid using it to describe people you don’t know well.
Значення
a lazy, worthless person
Словосполучення
lazy bum
|a total bum
|such a bum
|don’t be a bum
|acting like a bum
Синоніми
slacker (Less harsh; focuses on avoiding work.)
|
deadbeat (Stronger; suggests not paying debts or supporting family.)
Антоніми
hard worker (A person who works diligently.)
|
go-getter (Someone energetic and ambitious.)
Теми
people
|work
|emotions
Визначення
a lazy person (insult)
A lazy or irresponsible person, especially someone who does not work and relies on others; an insult.
ДІЄСЛОВО
B2
INFORMAL
4
lejmol
B2
Модель уживання:
bum [something] (off [someone])
Can I bum a cigarette off you?
Lejmolhatok tőled egy cigit?
He’s always bumming money from his roommates.
Állandóan pénzt lejmol a lakótársaitól.
We forgot lunch, so we bummed some chips from a friend.
Навчальні приклади
Can I bum a ride?
El tudnál vinni?
Поширена помилка:
In this sense, “bum” is about getting things free; it doesn’t mean “sit down.”
Значення
get something for free
Словосполучення
bum a cigarette
|bum a smoke
|bum some cash
|bum a few bucks
|bum a ride
|bum a beer
|bum food
|bum money off a friend
Синоніми
cadge (More British-sounding; slightly literary/old-fashioned.)
|
scrounge (Often implies repeatedly getting things free.)
|
mooch (Suggests taking advantage of others; more negative.)
Антоніми
buy (To pay for something.)
|
pay (To give money in exchange.)
Теми
daily_life
|social
|money
Визначення
to ask for and get something without paying
To get something from someone for free, usually by asking or borrowing casually.
B2
INFORMAL
5
pocsék
B1
Модель уживання:
a bum [noun]
We had a bum time because it rained the whole weekend.
Pocsékul telt a hétvégénk, mert végig esett az eső.
Missing the train was bum luck.
Pech volt, hogy lekéstük a vonatot.
That’s a bum excuse for being late.
Навчальні приклади
It was a bum day.
Pocsék nap volt.
Поширена помилка:
This meaning is common in American English (e.g., “bum luck”). It does not mean “homeless” here.
Значення
bad or disappointing
Словосполучення
bum luck
|bum deal
|bum trip
|bum experience
|a bum day
|a bum choice
Синоніми
lousy (Very common informal synonym.)
|
crummy (Similar meaning; casual, often American.)
|
rotten (Stronger and more emotional.)
Антоніми
great (Very good; enjoyable.)
|
excellent (Very high quality.)
Теми
emotions
|daily_life
Визначення
bad; not good
Bad, disappointing, or unpleasant.
B2
INFORMAL
6
rossz
A1
Модель уживання:
a bum [body part/thing]
I can’t run right now—I’ve got a bum knee.
Most nem tudok futni – rossz a térdem.
The car wouldn’t start because it had a bum battery.
Az autó nem indult, mert rossz volt az akkumulátora.
She sat out the game with a bum ankle.
Навчальні приклади
I have a bum knee.
Rossz a térdem.
Поширена помилка:
Often used before a noun (e.g., “a bum knee,” “a bum printer”).
Значення
injured or not working
Словосполучення
bum knee
|bum leg
|bum shoulder
|bum ankle
|bum arm
|a bum back
|a bum engine
|a bum phone
Синоніми
bad (More general; less vivid.)
|
injured (More formal; used mainly for people/body parts.)
|
broken (Stronger; suggests it doesn’t work at all.)
Антоніми
healthy (Not injured; in good condition.)
|
working (Functioning properly (for machines/things).)
Теми
health
|daily_life
Визначення
hurt or broken; not working well
Injured, or not working properly.
Граматика
Словникова форма
bum
IPA
GB/bˈʌm/
US/bˈʌm/
Склади й наголос
bum (1 склад)
Stress on 1st syllable (bum)
Форми слова
Adjective
- Base: bum
Noun
- Base: bum
- Plural: bums
Verb
- Base: bum
- 3rd Person Singular: bums
- Present Participle: bumming
- Past: bummed
Споріднені слова
Forms
bums
noun
bumming
verb
bummed
verb
Core family
bummer
noun
Вирази
bum a ride
1/bˈʌm ə ɹˈaɪd/
fixed phrase
informal
get a free ride
to ask someone to drive you for free
Приклади
- Can I bum a ride to the station?
- We bummed a ride from a coworker after the party.
- He always tries to bum a ride instead of taking the bus.
Навчальні приклади
- Can I bum a ride?
bum around
1/bˈʌm ɚˈaʊnd/
phrasal verb
informal
spend time doing nothing
to relax and do nothing in particular
Приклади
- We bummed around the house all weekend.
- After finals, he just wanted to bum around for a few days.
- They spent the afternoon bumming around downtown.
Навчальні приклади
- I want to bum around this weekend.
bum deal
1/bˈʌm dˈil/
fixed phrase
informal
an unfair outcome
a situation that is unfair to someone
Приклади
- She got a bum deal and ended up doing all the work.
- It’s a bum deal, but we can’t change the policy.
- Getting fined for that felt like a bum deal.
Навчальні приклади
- That’s a bum deal.
bum out
1/bˈʌm ˈaʊt/
phrasal verb
informal
make someone feel sad
to make someone feel unhappy; to feel unhappy
Приклади
- The cancellation really bummed me out.
- Don’t let one bad comment bum you out.
- She was bummed out about missing the concert.
Навчальні приклади
- I’m bummed out today.
bum rap
1/bˈʌm ɹˈæp/
fixed phrase
informal
an unfair accusation
unfair blame
Приклади
- That restaurant gets a bum rap—it’s actually pretty good.
- He took a bum rap for something he didn’t do.
- Small cars sometimes get a bum rap for being unsafe.
bum steer
1/bˈʌm stˈɪɹ/
fixed phrase
informal
misleading advice
advice that is wrong and confusing
Приклади
- Someone gave me a bum steer, and I ended up at the wrong office.
- I’m not saying she lied—maybe she just got a bum steer too.
- The online directions were a bum steer.
get off your bum
1/ɡˈɛt ˈɔf jˈʊɹ bˈʌm/
idiom
informal
stop being lazy
start doing something; don’t be lazy
Приклади
- Get off your bum and help me carry these boxes.
- I finally got off my bum and cleaned the kitchen.
- If you want the job, you need to get off your bum and apply.
Навчальні приклади
- Get off your bum and study.