dwarf
gb/dwˈɔɹf/ us/dwˈɔɹf/
B1
Англійська
~ 7900
alacsony növésű ember, törpe, törpenövéssel élő ember, eltörpít, eltörpül valami mellett, törpecsillag, kerti törpe
ІМЕННИК
B2
1
Модель уживання:
[someone] is a dwarf
Many people with dwarfism prefer not to be called a dwarf but a person with dwarfism.
Sok alacsony növésű ember jobban szereti, ha nem törpének, hanem alacsony növésű embernek nevezik.
The documentary follows a dwarf who works as a professional actor in Hollywood.
A dokumentumfilm egy alacsony növésű embert mutat be, aki hivatásos színészként dolgozik Hollywoodban.
He was born a dwarf due to a rare genetic condition and grew up in a very supportive family.
Навчальні приклади
Her brother is a dwarf and uses a small car made for him.
A fiútestvére alacsony növésű, és egy kifejezetten neki készült kis autót használ.
Some people with dwarfism say the word "dwarf" feels rude.
Egyes alacsony növésű emberek szerint a „törpe” szó bántóan hangzik.
It is better to say "a person with dwarfism" than just "a dwarf".
Поширена помилка:
Learners often do not realize that calling someone "a dwarf" can sound rude or outdated. In modern English, it is usually better to say "a person with dwarfism" or "a little person" if you are talking about real people, and keep "dwarf" for medical or fantasy contexts. Never use the word "midget", which is considered very offensive.
Значення
person with medically short stature
Словосполучення
a person with dwarfism
|born a dwarf
|a dwarf actor
|people with dwarfism
|little people and dwarfs
Синоніми
little person (More polite and widely preferred in modern English when talking about someone with dwarfism.)
Антоніми
average-height person (Refers to someone whose height is not unusually short or tall.)
Теми
people
|health
|body
Визначення
A person who is much shorter than most adults because of a medical condition called dwarfism.
A person whose adult height is much shorter than average because of a medical or genetic condition, usually referred to as dwarfism.
ІМЕННИК
B1
2
törpe
B1
Модель уживання:
a dwarf from [a place/story]
In many fantasy worlds, dwarfs are famous for building strong stone cities inside mountains.
Sok fantasyvilágban a törpék arról híresek, hogy erős kővárosokat építenek a hegyek belsejében.
He chose to play a dwarf warrior in the role‑playing game because he liked heavy armor.
Azért választott törpe harcost a szerepjátékban, mert szerette a nehéz páncélokat.
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a classic animated film based on a fairy tale.
Навчальні приклади
In this game you can be an elf or a dwarf.
Ebben a játékban lehetsz tünde vagy törpe.
The dwarf in the story carries a big axe.
A történetben a törpe egy nagy fejszét hord magával.
Dwarfs in fantasy books often live under the mountains.
Поширена помилка:
Learners sometimes mix up the medical meaning and the fantasy meaning. When you say "a dwarf" in a story or game, it is clear you mean a fantasy race. When you talk about real people, use "person with dwarfism" or "little person" instead.
Значення
short, strong character in fantasy
Словосполучення
elves and dwarfs
|fantasy dwarfs
|dwarf warrior
|dwarf kingdom
|the seven dwarfs
Синоніми
gnome (Another small, magical being in stories, but usually more connected with gardens or magic than with mining and weapons.)
Антоніми
giant (In stories, a giant is a huge, often very tall being, the opposite of a short fantasy dwarf.)
Теми
entertainment
|mythology
|arts_entertainment
Визначення
A short, strong person in fantasy stories or games, usually with a beard and skill in mining or metal work.
A member of a fictional race of short, strong, humanlike people that often live underground and work with stone or metal in fantasy stories, films, or games.
ДІЄСЛОВО
B2
3
Модель уживання:
[something] dwarfs [something]
The new skyscraper completely dwarfs the old church next to it.
Az új felhőkarcoló teljesen eltörpíti a mellette álló régi templomot.
China's population dwarfs that of many other countries.
Kína népessége mellett sok más országé eltörpül.
Online sales now dwarf the company's traditional in‑store revenue.
Навчальні приклади
The tall building dwarfs the small houses around it.
A magas épület mellett eltörpülnek a körülötte álló kis házak.
Her problems seemed to dwarf my small worries.
Az ő problémái mellett az én apró gondjaim eltörpülni látszottak.
Their sales dwarf our numbers this year.
Поширена помилка:
Learners sometimes say *"dwarf over"* or *"dwarf than"*. The normal pattern is "X dwarfs Y" or in the passive "Y is dwarfed by X". Do not add extra prepositions after "dwarf" when it is active.
Значення
make something seem small by comparison
Словосполучення
towers dwarf the houses
|mountains dwarf the town
|sales dwarf last year's figures
|numbers that dwarf the competition
|a budget that dwarfs all others
Синоніми
overshadow (Often used more for importance or attention than for physical size, but similar idea of making something else seem less significant.)
Антоніми
highlight (To make something stand out, the opposite of making it seem small or unimportant.)
Теми
size
|comparison
|core_vocabulary
Визначення
To be so big or so important that another thing looks small or not important next to you.
To make something seem small or unimportant because you are much larger, greater, or more impressive than it.
B2
4
törpe
B1
Модель уживання:
dwarf [plant/animal]
They planted dwarf shrubs along the path so they would not block the windows.
Törpecserjéket ültettek az ösvény mellé, hogy ne takarják el az ablakokat.
My niece keeps two dwarf hamsters in a glass tank in her room.
Az unokahúgom két törpehörcsögöt tart egy üvegtartályban a szobájában.
The farm breeds dwarf goats that are popular as pets.
Навчальні приклади
We planted a dwarf tree in a big pot on the balcony.
Egy törpefát ültettünk egy nagy cserépbe az erkélyen.
She wants a dwarf rabbit because her apartment is small.
Törpenyulat szeretne, mert kicsi a lakása.
The garden shop sells many dwarf plants.
Поширена помилка:
Learners sometimes use "dwarf" before any small object. It is usually used for specific plant and animal varieties (for example, "dwarf hamster", "dwarf apple tree"), not for general objects like *"dwarf phone"* or *"dwarf car"*.
Значення
smaller variety of plant or animal
Словосполучення
dwarf shrub
|dwarf tree
|dwarf hamster
|dwarf rabbit
|dwarf goat
|dwarf variety
Синоніми
miniature (Often used more generally for small versions of things, not only plants and animals.)
Антоніми
full‑size (Describes the normal size, not a smaller variety.)
Теми
nature
|animals
Визначення
Very small compared with the normal kind of the same plant or animal.
Describes a plant or animal that is a much smaller variety or breed than the usual type of the same species.
ІМЕННИК
C1
TECHNICAL
5
törpecsillag
C1
Модель уживання:
a dwarf star
Astronomers believe our sun will eventually become a white dwarf.
A csillagászok szerint a Napunk végül fehér törpévé válik.
Red dwarfs are small, cool stars that can burn for trillions of years.
A vörös törpék kicsi, hűvös csillagok, amelyek akár több billió évig is világíthatnak.
The telescope detected a faint dwarf star orbiting a brighter companion.
Навчальні приклади
A white dwarf is a very small, heavy star.
A fehér törpe nagyon kicsi, nagy tömegű csillag.
A red dwarf is cooler and smaller than our sun.
A vörös törpe hűvösebb és kisebb, mint a Napunk.
Some planets move around a dwarf star.
Поширена помилка:
Learners may think "dwarf" here means a star with the medical condition dwarfism. In astronomy, "dwarf" only describes the star's size and brightness compared with other stars.
Значення
relatively small faint star
Словосполучення
white dwarf
|red dwarf
|brown dwarf
|cool dwarf
|dwarf star
Синоніми
small star (Informal description; not a precise technical term like "dwarf" in astronomy.)
Антоніми
giant star (A star that is much larger and brighter, opposed to a dwarf star in astronomy.)
Теми
science
|space
Визначення
In space science, a star that is smaller and less bright than very large stars, often called a white dwarf or red dwarf.
In astronomy, a star that is relatively small and faint compared with giant or supergiant stars, often mentioned in combinations such as white dwarf or red dwarf.
ІМЕННИК
B2
6
kerti törpe
A2
Модель уживання:
a garden dwarf
The front yard was full of brightly painted garden dwarfs.
Az előkert tele volt élénk színűre festett kerti törpékkel.
Someone stole the stone dwarf from their lawn during the night.
Éjszaka valaki ellopta a kőből készült kerti törpét a gyepükről.
They lined the path with little dwarfs holding lanterns.
Навчальні приклади
There is a small dwarf next to the garden door.
Van egy kis kerti törpe a kertkapu mellett.
My grandmother has ten garden dwarfs on her lawn.
A nagymamámnak tíz kerti törpéje van a pázsiton.
We bought a plastic dwarf for the yard.
Поширена помилка:
Learners may think a "garden dwarf" means a very short person who works in the garden. In fact, it is a small decorative statue, not a real person.
Значення
small decorative dwarf figure
Словосполучення
garden dwarf
|lawn dwarf
|plastic dwarf
|stone dwarf
|a row of dwarfs
Синоніми
garden gnome (Very similar idea; in many places "garden gnome" is more common than "garden dwarf".)
Антоніми
real person (Contrasts a live human with a small decorative statue of a dwarf.)
Теми
home
|entertainment
|daily_life
|housing
Визначення
A small figure shaped like a dwarf that people put in the garden for decoration.
A small model or statue of a dwarf, usually brightly colored and placed as decoration in a garden or sometimes in a house.
Граматика
Словникова форма
dwarf
IPA
GB/dwˈɔɹf/
US/dwˈɔɹf/
Склади й наголос
dwarf (1 склад)
Stress on 1st syllable (dwarf)
Форми слова
Adjective
- Base: dwarf
- Comparative: dwarfer
- Superlative: dwarfest
Noun
- Base: dwarf
- Plural: dwarfs, dwarves
Verb
- Base: dwarf
- 3rd Person Singular: dwarfs
- Present Participle: dwarfing
- Past: dwarfed
Споріднені слова
Вирази
be dwarfed by
1/bˈi dwˈɔɹft bˈaɪ/
fixed phrase
seem small beside something bigger
To look small or not important because something else near it is very big or very great.
Приклади
- The old houses are dwarfed by the huge shopping mall next door.
- Her personal problems felt dwarfed by the scale of the disaster.
- Local companies are dwarfed by the international giants in the market.
brown dwarf
1/bɹˈaʊn dwˈɔɹf/
fixed phrase
technical
object between planet and star
A space object that is bigger than a planet but not big enough to burn like a normal star.
Приклади
- Astronomers detected a brown dwarf floating alone in space without a parent star.
- Brown dwarfs are sometimes called failed stars because they never start full nuclear fusion.
dwarf galaxy
1/dwˈɔɹf ɡˈæləksi/
fixed phrase
technical
small low‑mass galaxy
A very small galaxy that has far fewer stars than a big galaxy like the Milky Way.
Приклади
- The Milky Way is surrounded by many dwarf galaxies.
- Astronomers discovered a faint dwarf galaxy orbiting our own.
dwarf hamster
1/dwˈɔɹf hˈæmstɚ/
fixed phrase
small pet hamster breed
A very small kind of hamster that people often keep as a pet.
Приклади
- Their children begged for a dwarf hamster after seeing one at a friend's house.
- Dwarf hamsters are active at night and need a secure cage.
dwarf planet
1/dwˈɔɹf plˈænət/
fixed phrase
technical
small planetlike body in space
A space object that goes around the sun like a planet, is round, but is too small and does not clear other objects from its path, so it is not called a full planet.
Приклади
- Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.
- Scientists continue to discover new dwarf planets in the outer solar system.
dwarf rabbit
1/dwˈɔɹf ɹˈæbɪt/
fixed phrase
small pet rabbit breed
A small kind of rabbit that people keep as a pet, smaller than normal rabbits.
Приклади
- The pet shop had several dwarf rabbits in one large pen.
- A dwarf rabbit can live happily indoors if it has enough space to move.
dwarf shrub
1/dwˈɔɹf ʃɹˈʌb/
fixed phrase
very small shrub variety
A small bush that stays low and does not grow tall, even when it is fully grown.
Приклади
- They planted dwarf shrubs along the edge of the terrace.
- Dwarf shrubs are good for small gardens and rock gardens.
dwarf star
1/dwˈɔɹf stˈɑɹ/
fixed phrase
technical
star of the dwarf class
A star that scientists call a dwarf because it is smaller and usually less bright than giant stars.
Приклади
- Our sun is considered a yellow dwarf star.
- Most stars you see in the night sky are dwarf stars rather than giants.
red dwarf
1/ɹˈɛd dwˈɔɹf/
fixed phrase
technical
small cool low‑mass star
A small, cool star that is not very bright and has less mass than our sun.
Приклади
- Many of the stars closest to Earth are red dwarfs.
- Astronomers found several Earth‑sized planets orbiting a red dwarf.
white dwarf
1/wˈaɪt dwˈɔɹf/
fixed phrase
technical
small dense remnant star
A very small, very heavy star that is the hot core left after a star like our sun has burned all its fuel.
Приклади
- Our sun will eventually become a white dwarf surrounded by a cloud of gas.
- The telescope captured an image of a white dwarf pulling material from a nearby star.