fluency
gb/flˈuənsi/ us/flˈuənsi/
B2
Англійська
folyékony nyelvtudás, gördülékenység, jártasság, készségszintű tudás, könnyedség, beszédfluencia, feldolgozási fluencia
ІМЕННИК
B2
1
Модель уживання:
fluency in [a language]
After a year abroad, her fluency in Italian improved dramatically.
Egy külföldön töltött év után sokkal folyékonyabban beszélt olaszul.
The job requires fluency in both English and Mandarin.
A munkakörhöz folyékony angol- és mandarintudás szükséges.
He speaks with impressive fluency for someone who started learning last year.
Навчальні приклади
I want fluency in English.
Szeretnék folyékonyan beszélni angolul.
Practice every day to improve your fluency.
Gyakorolj minden nap, hogy javuljon a nyelvi folyékonyságod.
Поширена помилка:
Fluency mainly means speaking smoothly; it does not always mean perfect grammar or a native accent.
Значення
ability to use a language smoothly
Словосполучення
achieve fluency
|gain fluency
|develop fluency
|native-like fluency
|oral fluency
|spoken fluency
|written fluency
|fluency in English
|fluency in Spanish
|a high level of fluency
Синоніми
proficiency (Broader; includes overall skill, not just smoothness.)
|
command (Emphasizes control over a language.)
Антоніми
hesitancy (Highlights frequent pauses or uncertainty.)
|
disfluency (The opposite of smooth, continuous speech.)
Теми
language_learning
|education
|communication
Визначення
the ability to speak a language easily and well
The ability to speak or write a language easily, smoothly, and accurately.
ІМЕННИК
C1
2
Модель уживання:
with fluency; [someone]'s fluency
She answered the questions with fluency and calm.
Nyugodtan és gördülékenyen válaszolt a kérdésekre.
The essay has fluency but needs stronger evidence.
Az esszé gördülékeny, de erősebb bizonyítékokra van szükség benne.
His fluency dropped when he started reading from notes.
Навчальні приклади
She speaks with fluency.
Gördülékenyen beszél.
My writing needs more fluency.
Az írásomnak gördülékenyebbnek kell lennie.
Поширена помилка:
Do not use *fluency* to mean 'confidence' alone; it focuses on smooth, easy expression.
Значення
smooth, effortless speaking or writing
Словосполучення
speak with fluency
|write with fluency
|ease and fluency
|clarity and fluency
|fluency of style
|fluency of expression
|fluency and precision
|a lack of fluency
|improve fluency
|natural fluency
Синоніми
smoothness (More general; can apply to many things beyond language.)
|
articulateness (Focuses on clear expression of ideas.)
Антоніми
awkwardness (Emphasizes clumsy, unnatural expression.)
|
haltingness (Emphasizes frequent stops and starts.)
Теми
communication
|writing
|public_speaking
Визначення
speaking or writing smoothly and easily
Smoothness and ease in speaking or writing, with few awkward pauses or errors.
ІМЕННИК
C1
3
jártasság
C1
Модель уживання:
fluency with [a skill/task]; fluency in [a skill area]
Regular practice helped her build fluency with mental arithmetic.
A rendszeres gyakorlás segített, hogy jártasságot szerezzen a fejben számolásban.
The course focuses on fluency before introducing more complex problems.
A tanfolyam először a készségszintű tudás kialakítására összpontosít, és csak utána vezet be bonyolultabb feladatokat.
He has fluency on the keyboard, so he types without looking.
Навчальні приклади
I need more fluency in math.
Nagyobb jártasságra van szükségem matematikából.
Practice helps me get fluency.
A gyakorlás segít jártasságot szerezni.
Поширена помилка:
In education, *fluency* can apply to skills like math or typing, not only to languages.
Значення
quick, accurate performance of a skill
Словосполучення
math fluency
|reading fluency
|computational fluency
|build fluency
|develop fluency
|fluency with numbers
|fluency with multiplication facts
|automaticity and fluency
|practice for fluency
|fluency drills
Синоніми
mastery (Often implies a higher, more complete level of skill.)
|
automaticity (Technical term emphasizing doing something without conscious effort.)
Антоніми
clumsiness (Suggests uncoordinated or error-prone performance.)
|
difficulty (General lack of ease in performing the skill.)
Теми
education
|skills
|learning
Визначення
doing a skill easily and correctly
The ability to perform a learned skill quickly, accurately, and with little conscious effort.
ІМЕННИК
C1
4
könnyedség
B2
Модель уживання:
fluency of [movement/action]
With training, she regained the fluency of her movements.
Edzéssel visszanyerte mozdulatainak könnyedségét.
The pianist played with fluency and control.
A zongorista könnyedséggel és nagy kontrollal játszott.
His fluency on the field makes the game look effortless.
Навчальні приклади
The dancer moved with fluency.
A táncos könnyedséggel mozgott.
Practice gave him more fluency.
A gyakorlás nagyobb könnyedséget adott neki.
Поширена помилка:
This sense is less common than language fluency; it is often used in arts and sports contexts.
Значення
smooth, graceful movement or performance
Словосполучення
fluency of movement
|fluency of motion
|fluency and grace
|fluency and control
|fluency in dance
|fluency on the court
|fluency in performance
|loss of fluency
|fluidity and fluency
|natural fluency
Синоніми
fluidity (Very close; emphasizes continuous, flowing motion.)
|
grace (Adds a sense of elegance.)
Антоніми
stiffness (Lack of smooth, free movement.)
|
jerkiness (Movement that is uneven and stop-start.)
Теми
sports
|arts
|performance
Визначення
moving easily and smoothly
Smoothness, grace, and ease in physical movement or in carrying out an activity.
ІМЕННИК
C2
TECHNICAL
5
Модель уживання:
assess [someone]'s fluency; fluency therapy
The clinician assessed his fluency during conversation and reading.
A szakember beszélgetés és felolvasás közben is felmérte a beszédfluenciáját.
Fluency improved after several weeks of therapy.
Többheti terápia után javult a beszédfluenciája.
Stress can reduce fluency and increase speech blocks.
Навчальні приклади
The therapist checked his fluency.
A terapeuta ellenőrizte a beszédfluenciáját.
Поширена помилка:
In this field, *fluency* is about speech flow (e.g., stuttering), not about vocabulary size or grammar knowledge.
Значення
continuity of speech in therapy
Словосполучення
speech fluency
|fluency disorder
|fluency shaping
|fluency therapy
|assess fluency
|measure fluency
|fluency breaks
|stuttering and fluency
|fluency techniques
|increase fluency
Синоніми
speech flow (Plain-language description used in explanations.)
Антоніми
stuttering (A common cause of disrupted fluency.)
|
disfluency (General term for interruptions in speech flow.)
Теми
health
|speech
|therapy
Визначення
how smooth a person’s speech is (medical use)
In speech-language pathology, the degree to which speech flows without disruptions such as repetitions, prolongations, or blocks.
ІМЕННИК
C2
TECHNICAL
6
Модель уживання:
increase fluency; reduce fluency; perceptual fluency
Clear fonts can increase fluency and make a message feel more trustworthy.
A jól olvasható betűtípusok növelhetik a feldolgozási fluenciát, és megbízhatóbbnak éreztethetik az üzenetet.
When fluency is low, people often slow down and question what they are reading.
Amikor alacsony a feldolgozási fluencia, az emberek gyakran lelassítanak, és megkérdőjelezik az olvasottakat.
Researchers studied how fluency influences decisions under time pressure.
Поширена помилка:
This sense is usually discussed in psychology; in everyday English, people more often say something is 'easy to process' or 'easy to understand.'
Значення
ease of mental processing
Словосполучення
processing fluency
|perceptual fluency
|cognitive fluency
|increase fluency
|reduce fluency
|fluency effects
|fluency-based judgments
|ease and fluency
|fluency heuristic
|low fluency
Синоніми
ease of processing (More explicit, less jargon.)
Антоніми
cognitive strain (The opposite feeling of effortful processing.)
|
difficulty (General lack of ease in understanding.)
Теми
psychology
|communication
|marketing
Визначення
how easy something is to understand (technical use)
The subjective ease with which information is processed, which can influence judgments such as familiarity, truth, or preference.
Граматика
Словникова форма
fluency
IPA
GB/flˈuənsi/
US/flˈuənsi/
Склади й наголос
flu - ency (2 склади)
Stress on 1st syllable (flu)
Форми слова
Noun
- Base: fluency
- Plural: fluencies, fluency
Споріднені слова
Вирази
fluency disorder
1/flˈuənsi dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/
fixed phrase
technical
condition affecting speech flow
a speech problem that stops smooth talking
Приклади
- He was diagnosed with a fluency disorder in early childhood.
- The clinic specializes in treating fluency disorders.
- A fluency disorder can affect confidence in social situations.
native-like fluency
1/nˈeɪtɪv lˈaɪk flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
fluency similar to a native speaker
speaking very fluently, like a native speaker
Приклади
- It took years of immersion to reach native-like fluency.
- Her native-like fluency makes her sound completely natural in meetings.
- He has native-like fluency, but he still makes occasional spelling mistakes.
Навчальні приклади
- She has native-like fluency.
oral fluency
1/ˈɔɹəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
smooth, natural spoken language
speaking smoothly and easily
Приклади
- Conversation classes are designed to build oral fluency.
- The exam includes a speaking section that tests oral fluency.
- She has strong grammar but still needs more oral fluency.
Навчальні приклади
- This course helps oral fluency.
processing fluency
1/pɹˈɑsɛsɪŋ flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
how easily information is processed
how easy something is for the brain to understand
Приклади
- Simple layouts increase processing fluency and reduce confusion.
- Low processing fluency can make a true statement feel less believable.
- The study manipulated processing fluency by changing font clarity.
reading fluency
1/ɹˈidɪŋ flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
reading smoothly with good pace
reading easily, correctly, and smoothly
Приклади
- Daily practice helped improve his reading fluency.
- Teachers often measure reading fluency with timed passages.
- Her reading fluency increased as her vocabulary grew.
Навчальні приклади
- I want better reading fluency.
verbal fluency
1/vˈɚbəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
ease and speed of speaking
How easily and quickly a person can say many words correctly.
Приклади
- The test is designed to measure verbal fluency in older adults.
- Bilingual speakers sometimes show higher verbal fluency in one language.
verbal fluency
1/vˈɚbəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
ability to produce words quickly
quickly finding and saying words (often in tests)
Приклади
- The neurologist used a verbal fluency task to assess language function.
- Stress and fatigue can reduce verbal fluency.
- Participants completed a verbal fluency test in under two minutes.