stagnation
gb/stæɡnˈeɪʃən/ us/stæɡnˈeɪʃən/
C1
Англійська
pangás, stagnálás, vízpangás
ІМЕННИК
C1
FORMAL
1
Модель уживання:
stagnation in [something]; a period of stagnation; [adjective] stagnation
After several years of stagnation, the company finally began hiring again.
Több évnyi pangás után a vállalat végre ismét elkezdett embereket felvenni.
The report blames weak investment for the region's economic stagnation.
A jelentés a gyenge beruházásokat teszi felelőssé a térség gazdasági stagnálásáért.
She left the job because she felt a growing sense of creative stagnation.
Навчальні приклади
The town suffered from economic stagnation.
A város gazdasági pangással küzdött.
I want a new job because I feel stagnation in my career.
Új állást szeretnék, mert úgy érzem, megrekedt a karrierem.
Поширена помилка:
Stagnation is usually uncountable; say "a period of stagnation" or "stagnation in the economy," not usually "a stagnation."
Значення
lack of growth or progress
Словосполучення
economic stagnation
|prolonged stagnation
|political stagnation
|cultural stagnation
|career stagnation
|market stagnation
|intellectual stagnation
|a period of stagnation
|lead to stagnation
|suffer from stagnation
Синоніми
standstill (suggests activity has stopped completely rather than merely slowed)
|
inertia (emphasizes resistance to change or movement)
|
malaise (often suggests a broader economic or social weakness)
Антоніми
growth (emphasizes increase or expansion)
|
progress (emphasizes forward movement or improvement)
|
dynamism (emphasizes energy, activity, and change)
Теми
economy
|business
|work
|society
Визначення
a situation in which something is not growing, improving, or moving forward
A state in which growth, development, progress, or activity has stopped or become very slow.
ІМЕННИК
C1
FORMAL
2
Модель уживання:
stagnation of [water/air/fluid]; stagnation in [place/container/system]
Poor drainage can lead to water stagnation and attract mosquitoes.
A rossz vízelvezetés vízpangáshoz vezethet, és odavonzhatja a szúnyogokat.
The ventilation system was redesigned to prevent air stagnation in the basement.
Újratervezték a szellőzőrendszert, hogy megakadályozzák a levegő pangását a pincében.
Regular flushing helps avoid stagnation in long sections of pipe.
Навчальні приклади
Water stagnation can make people sick.
A vízpangás megbetegítheti az embereket.
Open a window to reduce air stagnation.
Nyiss ki egy ablakot, hogy csökkentsd a levegő pangását.
Поширена помилка:
For the adjective, use "stagnant": "stagnant water," not "stagnation water."
Значення
nonmoving stale liquid or air
Словосполучення
water stagnation
|air stagnation
|fluid stagnation
|stagnation of water
|stagnation in pipes
|areas of stagnation
|prevent stagnation
|reduce stagnation
|cause stagnation
Синоніми
stillness (focuses on the absence of movement, without necessarily implying dirtiness)
|
staleness (focuses on unpleasant or unhealthy quality, especially of air)
|
lack of circulation (more technical and descriptive)
Антоніми
flow (emphasizes continuous movement of liquid or gas)
|
circulation (emphasizes regular movement through a system)
|
ventilation (applies especially to fresh air moving through a space)
Теми
environment
|health
|housing
|nature
Визначення
when water or air does not move and becomes dirty, stale, or unhealthy
The condition of water, air, or another fluid not moving or circulating, often making it stale, dirty, or unhealthy.
Граматика
Словникова форма
stagnation
IPA
GB/stæɡnˈeɪʃən/
US/stæɡnˈeɪʃən/
Склади й наголос
stag - na - tion (3 склади)
Stress on 2nd syllable (na)
Форми слова
Noun
- Base: stagnation
- Plural: stagnation
Вирази
career stagnation
1/kɚˈɪɹ stæɡnˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
lack of career progress
when your career is not moving forward or improving
Приклади
- She moved to a larger company to avoid career stagnation.
- Career stagnation can happen when employees stop receiving training or new responsibilities.
- He felt frustrated by career stagnation after five years in the same role.
Навчальні приклади
- I changed jobs because of career stagnation.
economic stagnation
1/ˌɛkənˈɑmɪk stæɡnˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
business
little or no economic growth
a time when a country's economy is not growing
Приклади
- High interest rates deepened economic stagnation in several industries.
- The country escaped economic stagnation after exports recovered.
- Voters blamed the government for years of economic stagnation.
Навчальні приклади
- Economic stagnation means the economy is not growing.
secular stagnation
1/sˈɛkjəlɚ stæɡnˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
long-term weak economic growth
an economics term for very slow economic growth that may last a long time
Приклади
- Some economists warned that aging populations could contribute to secular stagnation.
- The debate over secular stagnation returned after years of low interest rates and weak growth.
- Policymakers disagreed about whether the economy was facing secular stagnation or a temporary slowdown.
wage stagnation
1/wˈeɪd͡ʒ stæɡnˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
business
wages not rising over time
a situation where people's pay stays the same for a long time
Приклади
- Many households felt poorer after a decade of wage stagnation.
- The union said wage stagnation had made it harder for workers to afford rent.
- Economists disagree about the main causes of wage stagnation.
Навчальні приклади
- Wage stagnation means pay is not going up.