data
gb/dˈætə/ us/dˈætə/
B1
Англійська
Значення
0 значень
Іменник
B1
abstract
1
facts used to understand something
information and facts you can study or use.
Модель уживання:
data on/about [topic]
Поширена помилка:
In general English, data is often treated as uncountable (data is/was). Avoid *a data*; say a piece of data or a data point.
Синоніми
information (broader and less analytical.)
|
facts (emphasizes truth rather than measurement.)
Антоніми
misinformation (false or misleading information.)
|
guesswork (decisions made without evidence.)
Словосполучення
collect data
|analyze data
|data on
|data about
|look at the data
|reliable data
|accurate data
|recent data
|data shows
|data suggests
Теми
education
|media
|daily_life
Приклади
- We don’t have enough data to say whether the policy worked.
- The report includes data on housing costs across the city.
- Please check the data before you publish the chart.
Навчальні приклади
- We need more data.
- The data is correct.
Іменник
B1
entity
2
digital information used by computers
information that computers use, like files and numbers.
Модель уживання:
store/process/transmit data
Поширена помилка:
Don’t confuse data (information) with a device: a database stores data; it is not data itself.
Синоніми
information (less specifically digital.)
Антоніми
paperwork (information kept on paper rather than digitally.)
Словосполучення
store data
|process data
|transfer data
|data file
|data storage
|data system
|data center
|data backup
|data recovery
|data transfer
Теми
technology
|computing
|internet
Приклади
- The app saves your data in the cloud.
- We encrypted the data before sending it over the network.
- If you delete the folder, you may lose important data.
Навчальні приклади
- My phone stores a lot of data.
- Back up your data.
Іменник
technical
B2
abstract
3
measurements from research or tests
results you collect in a study or experiment.
Модель уживання:
data from [experiment/study/survey]
Поширена помилка:
In academic writing, you may see plural agreement (these data are). In everyday English, singular agreement (the data is) is common.
Синоніми
results (focuses on outcomes rather than the collected measurements themselves.)
|
statistics (often implies numerical summary or analysis.)
Антоніми
anecdote (a single story rather than systematic evidence.)
Словосполучення
collect data
|record data
|raw data
|experimental data
|survey data
|clinical data
|data set
|data analysis
|data quality
|publish data
Теми
science
|education
|health
Приклади
- The researchers collected data from 500 participants.
- The data shows a clear increase in average temperatures.
- We need to clean the data before we run the analysis.
Навчальні приклади
- We collected data in the lab.
- The data supports the idea.
Іменник
formal
B2
entity
4
information about a person
details that can identify a person.
Модель уживання:
personal data about [someone]; collect/use/share personal data
Поширена помилка:
Personal data is not only financial information; it can include email addresses, location data, or device IDs.
Синоніми
personal information (more everyday and less legal-sounding.)
Антоніми
anonymous data (information that does not identify a person.)
Словосполучення
personal data
|sensitive data
|protect data
|share data
|sell data
|data privacy
|data consent
|handle data
|store data securely
|data retention
Теми
law
|technology
|privacy
|business
Приклади
- The company says it does not sell users’ personal data.
- You can request a copy of the personal data we hold about you.
- We removed names to reduce the risk of exposing personal data.
Навчальні приклади
- Do not share personal data online.
- This form asks for personal data.
Іменник
technical
B2
entity
5
a collected set of information
a group of data kept together.
Модель уживання:
a data set of [things]; a data set for [purpose]
Поширена помилка:
Dataset/data set refers to a collection; data alone can be general information without a defined set.
Синоніми
collection (general word; not necessarily structured.)
Антоніми
single value (one item rather than a collection.)
Словосполучення
large data set
|training data
|test data
|data set
|labelled data
|balanced data
|share data
|download data
|merge data
|filter data
Теми
technology
|education
|business
Приклади
- The team released a data set of traffic counts by street.
- We combined two data sets to get a fuller picture.
- This model performs well on the training data but poorly on new data.
Навчальні приклади
- We downloaded a data set.
- This data set is very large.
Іменник
business
B2
abstract
6
information used for business decisions
information a business uses to make decisions.
Модель уживання:
customer/sales/market data; use data to [do something]
Поширена помилка:
Data in this sense usually means evidence from systems or research, not personal opinions.
Синоніми
metrics (usually specific measured numbers used to track performance.)
|
figures (often refers to numbers in reports.)
Антоніми
hunch (a feeling not based on evidence.)
Словосполучення
customer data
|sales data
|market data
|data insights
|data strategy
|data team
|use data
|data dashboard
|data reporting
|data metrics
Теми
business
|marketing
|technology
Приклади
- The marketing team used customer data to improve targeting.
- Our sales data suggests demand is slowing in April.
- They built a dashboard to track key data in real time.
Навчальні приклади
- We use data to plan.
- Sales data looks good this month.
Іменник
formal
C1
quantity
7
individual pieces of information (formal)
separate facts or results (formal use).
Модель уживання:
these data; the data are [adjective]
Поширена помилка:
In formal writing, data may take a plural verb (data are). In everyday English, singular (data is) is more common.
Синоніми
findings (emphasizes conclusions drawn from data.)
Антоніми
assumption (something accepted without evidence.)
Словосполучення
these data
|the data are
|data indicate
|data support
|data points
|observed data
|collected data
|reported data
|available data
|incomplete data
Теми
education
|science
|writing
Приклади
- These data are consistent with earlier studies.
- The data indicate a strong relationship between the variables.
- Not all the data were available at the time of publication.
Навчальні приклади
- These data are important.
- The data are incomplete.
Іменник
B1
quantity
8
internet usage on a phone plan
the internet you can use on your phone plan.
Модель уживання:
use up [amount] of data; run out of data; a data plan
Поширена помилка:
Data in this sense is usually uncountable; say How much data do I have left? not *How many datas*.
Синоніми
internet allowance (explains the idea but is less common.)
Антоніми
Wi‑Fi (internet access via a local wireless network rather than a mobile data plan.)
Словосполучення
use data
|save data
|run out of data
|data plan
|data allowance
|data usage
|unlimited data
|data roaming
|turn off data
|data limit
Теми
technology
|daily_life
|telecommunications
Приклади
- I ran out of data before the end of the month.
- Streaming video can use a lot of data.
- You can turn off data to avoid extra charges while traveling.
Навчальні приклади
- I don’t have much data left.
- This plan has unlimited data.
Граматика
Вирази
big data
1/bˈɪɡ dˈætə/
fixed phrase
technical
very large complex datasets
very large amounts of data that need special analysis.
Приклади
- Retailers use big data to predict what customers will buy.
- The project relies on big data from millions of sensors.
- Big data analysis can reveal patterns that are hard to see otherwise.
data breach
1/dˈætə bɹˈit͡ʃ/
fixed phrase
formal
unauthorized access to data
when someone gets private data without permission.
Приклади
- The hospital reported a data breach affecting thousands of patients.
- After the data breach, customers were advised to change their passwords.
- The company faces fines because it failed to prevent a data breach.
data entry
1/dˈætə ˈɛntɹi/
fixed phrase
business
typing information into a system
putting information into a computer.
Приклади
- She does data entry for the accounts department.
- The form reduces errors by automating some data entry.
- We outsourced data entry to save time.
data mining
1/dˈætə mˈaɪnɪŋ/
fixed phrase
technical
finding patterns in large data
searching data to find useful patterns.
Приклади
- The team used data mining to detect fraudulent transactions.
- Data mining can help identify which products are often bought together.
- They built tools for data mining customer reviews.
data mining
2/dˈætə mˈaɪnɪŋ/
fixed phrase
technical
Analyzing large datasets for patterns
Looking at a lot of data to find useful information.
Приклади
- Data mining is used by online stores to recommend products.
- Data mining helps detect fraud in banking.
data point
1/dˈætə pˈɔɪnt/
fixed phrase
one individual value or fact
one piece of data.
Приклади
- One data point doesn’t prove the trend, but it’s worth noting.
- We removed a data point that was clearly an error.
- Each dot on the chart represents a data point.
data protection
1/dˈætə pɹətˈɛkʃən/
fixed phrase
formal
keeping data safe and private
keeping information safe from misuse.
Приклади
- Staff receive training on data protection and privacy.
- The new policy strengthens data protection for children’s accounts.
- Good data protection reduces the risk of leaks and fraud.
data-driven
1/dˈætə dɹˈɪvən/
fixed phrase
business
based on data and analysis
using data to make decisions.
Приклади
- They took a data-driven approach to improving customer support.
- Our hiring process is more data-driven than it used to be.
- Data-driven decisions can reduce bias, but only if the data is reliable.
open data
1/ˈoʊpən dˈætə/
fixed phrase
formal
publicly available data to use
data that anyone can use.
Приклади
- The city published open data on public transport delays.
- Open data can help journalists and researchers check official claims.
- They built an app using open data from government websites.