fluency
gb/flˈuənsi/ us/flˈuənsi/
B2
Англійська
Значення
0 значень
Іменник
B2
property
1
ability to use a language smoothly
the ability to speak a language easily and well
Модель уживання:
fluency in [a language]
Поширена помилка:
Fluency mainly means speaking smoothly; it does not always mean perfect grammar or a native accent.
Синоніми
proficiency (Broader; includes overall skill, not just smoothness.)
|
command (Emphasizes control over a language.)
Антоніми
hesitancy (Highlights frequent pauses or uncertainty.)
|
disfluency (The opposite of smooth, continuous speech.)
Словосполучення
achieve fluency
|gain fluency
|develop fluency
|native-like fluency
|oral fluency
|spoken fluency
|written fluency
|fluency in English
|fluency in Spanish
|a high level of fluency
Теми
language_learning
|education
|communication
Приклади
- After a year abroad, her fluency in Italian improved dramatically.
- The job requires fluency in both English and Mandarin.
- He speaks with impressive fluency for someone who started learning last year.
Навчальні приклади
- I want fluency in English.
- Practice every day to improve your fluency.
Іменник
C1
property
2
smooth, effortless speaking or writing
speaking or writing smoothly and easily
Модель уживання:
with fluency; [someone]'s fluency
Поширена помилка:
Do not use *fluency* to mean 'confidence' alone; it focuses on smooth, easy expression.
Синоніми
smoothness (More general; can apply to many things beyond language.)
|
articulateness (Focuses on clear expression of ideas.)
Антоніми
awkwardness (Emphasizes clumsy, unnatural expression.)
|
haltingness (Emphasizes frequent stops and starts.)
Словосполучення
speak with fluency
|write with fluency
|ease and fluency
|clarity and fluency
|fluency of style
|fluency of expression
|fluency and precision
|a lack of fluency
|improve fluency
|natural fluency
Теми
communication
|writing
|public_speaking
Приклади
- She answered the questions with fluency and calm.
- The essay has fluency but needs stronger evidence.
- His fluency dropped when he started reading from notes.
Навчальні приклади
- She speaks with fluency.
- My writing needs more fluency.
Іменник
C1
property
3
quick, accurate performance of a skill
doing a skill easily and correctly
Модель уживання:
fluency with [a skill/task]; fluency in [a skill area]
Поширена помилка:
In education, *fluency* can apply to skills like math or typing, not only to languages.
Синоніми
mastery (Often implies a higher, more complete level of skill.)
|
automaticity (Technical term emphasizing doing something without conscious effort.)
Антоніми
clumsiness (Suggests uncoordinated or error-prone performance.)
|
difficulty (General lack of ease in performing the skill.)
Словосполучення
math fluency
|reading fluency
|computational fluency
|build fluency
|develop fluency
|fluency with numbers
|fluency with multiplication facts
|automaticity and fluency
|practice for fluency
|fluency drills
Теми
education
|skills
|learning
Приклади
- Regular practice helped her build fluency with mental arithmetic.
- The course focuses on fluency before introducing more complex problems.
- He has fluency on the keyboard, so he types without looking.
Навчальні приклади
- I need more fluency in math.
- Practice helps me get fluency.
Іменник
C1
property
4
smooth, graceful movement or performance
moving easily and smoothly
Модель уживання:
fluency of [movement/action]
Поширена помилка:
This sense is less common than language fluency; it is often used in arts and sports contexts.
Синоніми
fluidity (Very close; emphasizes continuous, flowing motion.)
|
grace (Adds a sense of elegance.)
Антоніми
stiffness (Lack of smooth, free movement.)
|
jerkiness (Movement that is uneven and stop-start.)
Словосполучення
fluency of movement
|fluency of motion
|fluency and grace
|fluency and control
|fluency in dance
|fluency on the court
|fluency in performance
|loss of fluency
|fluidity and fluency
|natural fluency
Теми
sports
|arts
|performance
Приклади
- With training, she regained the fluency of her movements.
- The pianist played with fluency and control.
- His fluency on the field makes the game look effortless.
Навчальні приклади
- The dancer moved with fluency.
- Practice gave him more fluency.
Іменник
technical
C2
property
5
continuity of speech in therapy
how smooth a person’s speech is (medical use)
Модель уживання:
assess [someone]'s fluency; fluency therapy
Поширена помилка:
In this field, *fluency* is about speech flow (e.g., stuttering), not about vocabulary size or grammar knowledge.
Синоніми
speech flow (Plain-language description used in explanations.)
Антоніми
stuttering (A common cause of disrupted fluency.)
|
disfluency (General term for interruptions in speech flow.)
Словосполучення
speech fluency
|fluency disorder
|fluency shaping
|fluency therapy
|assess fluency
|measure fluency
|fluency breaks
|stuttering and fluency
|fluency techniques
|increase fluency
Теми
health
|speech
|therapy
Приклади
- The clinician assessed his fluency during conversation and reading.
- Fluency improved after several weeks of therapy.
- Stress can reduce fluency and increase speech blocks.
Навчальні приклади
- The therapist checked his fluency.
Іменник
technical
C2
property
6
ease of mental processing
how easy something is to understand (technical use)
Модель уживання:
increase fluency; reduce fluency; perceptual fluency
Поширена помилка:
This sense is usually discussed in psychology; in everyday English, people more often say something is 'easy to process' or 'easy to understand.'
Синоніми
ease of processing (More explicit, less jargon.)
Антоніми
cognitive strain (The opposite feeling of effortful processing.)
|
difficulty (General lack of ease in understanding.)
Словосполучення
processing fluency
|perceptual fluency
|cognitive fluency
|increase fluency
|reduce fluency
|fluency effects
|fluency-based judgments
|ease and fluency
|fluency heuristic
|low fluency
Теми
psychology
|communication
|marketing
Приклади
- Clear fonts can increase fluency and make a message feel more trustworthy.
- When fluency is low, people often slow down and question what they are reading.
- Researchers studied how fluency influences decisions under time pressure.
Граматика
Словникова форма
fluency
IPA
GB/flˈuənsi/
US/flˈuənsi/
Склади й наголос
flu - ency (2 склади)
Stress on 1st syllable (flu)
Форми слова
Noun
- Base: fluency
- Plural: fluencies, fluency
Споріднені слова
Вирази
fluency disorder
1/flˈuənsi dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/
fixed phrase
technical
condition affecting speech flow
a speech problem that stops smooth talking
Приклади
- He was diagnosed with a fluency disorder in early childhood.
- The clinic specializes in treating fluency disorders.
- A fluency disorder can affect confidence in social situations.
native-like fluency
1/nˈeɪtɪv lˈaɪk flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
fluency similar to a native speaker
speaking very fluently, like a native speaker
Приклади
- It took years of immersion to reach native-like fluency.
- Her native-like fluency makes her sound completely natural in meetings.
- He has native-like fluency, but he still makes occasional spelling mistakes.
oral fluency
1/ˈɔɹəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
smooth, natural spoken language
speaking smoothly and easily
Приклади
- Conversation classes are designed to build oral fluency.
- The exam includes a speaking section that tests oral fluency.
- She has strong grammar but still needs more oral fluency.
processing fluency
1/pɹˈɑsɛsɪŋ flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
how easily information is processed
how easy something is for the brain to understand
Приклади
- Simple layouts increase processing fluency and reduce confusion.
- Low processing fluency can make a true statement feel less believable.
- The study manipulated processing fluency by changing font clarity.
reading fluency
1/ɹˈidɪŋ flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
reading smoothly with good pace
reading easily, correctly, and smoothly
Приклади
- Daily practice helped improve his reading fluency.
- Teachers often measure reading fluency with timed passages.
- Her reading fluency increased as her vocabulary grew.
verbal fluency
1/vˈɚbəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
ease and speed of speaking
How easily and quickly a person can say many words correctly.
Приклади
- The test is designed to measure verbal fluency in older adults.
- Bilingual speakers sometimes show higher verbal fluency in one language.
verbal fluency
1/vˈɚbəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
ability to produce words quickly
quickly finding and saying words (often in tests)
Приклади
- The neurologist used a verbal fluency task to assess language function.
- Stress and fatigue can reduce verbal fluency.
- Participants completed a verbal fluency test in under two minutes.