specialization
gb/spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/ us/spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/
B2
Англійська
~ 8000
Значення
0 значень
Іменник
B2
entity
1
main field of work or study
A main subject or skill that a person chooses to focus on and become very good at.
Модель уживання:
[someone]'s specialization is [field]
Поширена помилка:
Learners often confuse "specialization" with "major." In university contexts, "major" is more common in everyday speech (especially in American English), while "specialization" can sound more formal or narrow. Another mistake is using the wrong preposition: say "a specialization in marketing," not "a specialization on marketing."
Синоніми
specialty (Very close in meaning; often a bit more informal and slightly more common in everyday speech, especially for jobs and food (e.g., a chef’s specialty).)
Антоніми
generalist (Refers to a person who has broad skills and knowledge in many areas instead of one clear specialization.)
Словосполучення
area of specialization
|field of specialization
|medical specialization
|technical specialization
|professional specialization
|academic specialization
Теми
education
|work
|business
|core_vocabulary
Приклади
- Her main specialization is environmental law.
- The program allows students to choose a specialization in their final year.
- Data security is a growing specialization within information technology.
- He completed his medical degree with a specialization in cardiology.
- Marketing analytics has become a highly valued specialization in many companies.
Навчальні приклади
- My specialization is computer graphics.
- She wants a specialization in child psychology.
- This course is good for students with a business specialization.
- He changed his specialization from chemistry to biology.
- IT security is a useful specialization today.
Іменник
C1
action
2
process of narrowing focus
The act of doing or learning fewer kinds of things so you can do those few things very well.
Модель уживання:
the specialization of [work/roles/tasks]
Поширена помилка:
Learners sometimes treat this sense as always countable. When talking about the general trend or process, "specialization" is usually uncountable (e.g., "increasing specialization," not *"an increasing specialization" unless you mean one specific case).
Синоніми
narrowing (More general word; does not always include the idea of professional or functional focus that "specialization" has.)
Антоніми
diversification (Describes doing or producing many different kinds of things, the opposite of focusing on a narrow set of tasks.)
Словосполучення
increasing specialization
|job specialization
|role specialization
|high degree of specialization
|division and specialization of labor
|trend toward specialization
Теми
work
|business
|society
|education
Приклади
- Increasing specialization in the workplace has created many highly focused roles.
- The specialization of tasks helped the company produce goods more efficiently.
- Modern societies rely on a high level of specialization to function smoothly.
- In smaller firms, there is less specialization, so employees must handle many different duties.
- The report describes a clear trend toward specialization in higher education.
Навчальні приклади
- There is more specialization in big companies.
- Specialization of work can save time.
- Modern life needs a high level of specialization.
- With less specialization, each worker does many jobs.
- The book talks about specialization in modern society.
Іменник
technical
C1
event
3
cells or organs becoming specialized
In biology, the way that cells or body parts change so they can do one special job well.
Модель уживання:
the specialization of [cells/tissues/organs] for [function]
Поширена помилка:
Learners may confuse "specialization" with "species" or "speciation" in biology because of similar spelling. "Specialization" is about cells or parts getting a specific job; "speciation" is about new species forming.
Синоніми
differentiation (More precise technical term in biology; often used specifically for cells becoming different types, while "specialization" can more broadly emphasize the function.)
Антоніми
undifferentiated (Describes cells or tissues that have not taken on a specific structure or function, which is the opposite state of specialized structures.)
Словосполучення
cell specialization
|functional specialization
|specialization of cells
|specialization of tissues
|neural specialization
|adaptation and specialization
Теми
biology
|science
|health
Приклади
- Cell specialization allows muscle cells and nerve cells to perform very different functions.
- The specialization of tissues is essential for the development of complex organisms.
- Brain specialization helps different regions control movement, language, and vision.
- Evolution has led to extreme specialization in the feeding structures of some insects.
- The paper explores the relationship between cell specialization and organism complexity.
Навчальні приклади
- Cell specialization happens as the body grows.
- Specialization of cells lets them do different jobs.
- Tissue specialization is important in complex animals.
- Brain specialization means different parts do different things.
- In biology class we studied cell specialization.
Іменник
technical
C1
state
4
economic focus on certain products
In economics, when people or places make only a few kinds of products or services so they can do them very well and trade with others.
Модель уживання:
specialization in the production of [goods/services]
Поширена помилка:
Learners sometimes use "specialization" here to talk about a person’s job choice (which fits sense 1) instead of a wider economic pattern. When the subject is a country, industry, or region, it usually refers to the economic sense.
Синоніми
division of labor (Related but not identical; "division of labor" is about splitting tasks, while "specialization" focuses on repeatedly doing a limited set of tasks or products.)
Антоніми
self-sufficiency (Describes producing everything you need yourself instead of specializing and relying on trade.)
Словосполучення
economic specialization
|regional specialization
|trade and specialization
|specialization and comparative advantage
|specialization in services
|industrial specialization
Теми
economics
|business
|finance
Приклади
- International trade is driven by specialization and comparative advantage.
- The region’s specialization in high-tech manufacturing has boosted its economy.
- Economic specialization allows countries to focus on what they produce most efficiently.
- Over time, industrial specialization has made global supply chains more complex.
- The textbook explains how specialization and trade can increase total output.
Навчальні приклади
- Many countries gain from specialization and trade.
- This city’s specialization is car production.
- Economic specialization can make workers more efficient.
- Regional specialization means each area makes different things.
- The lesson was about specialization in international trade.
Граматика
Словникова форма
specialization
IPA
GB/spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/
US/spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/
Склади й наголос
spe - cial - iz - a - tion (5 складів)
Stress on 4th syllable (a)
Форми слова
Noun
- Base: specialization
- Plural: specialization, specializations
Споріднені слова
Forms
specializations
noun
Core family
special
adjective A2
specialize
verb B1
specialist
noun B1
specialized
adjective
especially
adverb A2
Negative and opposite forms
unspecialized
adjective
generalist
noun C1
Advanced or less common
specialism
noun
overspecialization
noun
Вирази
area of specialization
1/ˈɛɹiə əv spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
person’s main expert field
The subject or skill that a person mainly works in or studies and knows best.
Приклади
- My area of specialization is corporate finance.
- The university is known for its strong areas of specialization in engineering and medicine.
- You should choose an area of specialization that matches your interests.
field of specialization
1/fˈild əv spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
professional or academic domain
The professional or study area that someone has chosen to focus on.
Приклади
- Her field of specialization is international human rights law.
- Applicants must state their field of specialization on the form.
- Neuroscience is a challenging field of specialization.