F03
booster
Information structure
Scope
Scope Lamp
What does this marker apply to?
intermediate
Scope
Operator
Focus-sensitive particle
معنی
The range affected by a word or marker such as not, only, also, all, every, already, still, almost, or even.
اسے کیسے پہچانیں
Move the marker mentally and observe what meaning changes.
مثالیں
الفاظ
only|also|not|all|every|almost|still
فقرے
only Anna|not all|almost finished
جملہ
Only John saw Mary.
Visual guide
Basic shape
Scope = lit area
Only [John] saw Mary
^^^^
only applies here
Meaning:
John, not others,
saw Mary.
Compare shape
Move the lamp: Only [John] saw Mary = subject in scope John only [saw Mary] = whole event in scope John saw only [Mary] = object in scope
زبان کا جائزہ
آپ کی مادری زبان میں
اردو
موجودگی
strong
اہمیت
Scope depends on particles such as صرف, بھی, ہی and their position.
صرف علی آیا۔
Only Ali came.
آپ کی سیکھی جانے والی زبان میں
انگریزی
موجودگی
strong
مشکل کی سطح
English scope depends strongly on placement and interpretation of words like only, even, also, all, not, and almost.
Only John saw Mary.
only scopes over John
سیکھنے والوں کا عام مسئلہ
Learners may place only, also, and not in positions that change or obscure meaning.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.