F01
booster
Information structure
Focus
Spotlight / Focus
What is the most important new information?
intermediate
Focus
Emphasis
Cleft
Contrastive focus
معنی
The part of the message that carries the main emphasis, contrast, correction, or answer to the current question.
اسے کیسے پہچانیں
Ask which part would be stressed or corrected in context.
مثالیں
الفاظ
only|even|it was|not X but Y
فقرے
it was Anna who|ANNA did it|only Peter
جملہ
Anna bought the book, not Peter.
Visual guide
Basic shape
Message = background + focus Who bought the book? background: bought the book FOCUS: Anna Anna bought the book. = Anna, not Peter
Compare shape
Same focus, many shapes Stress: ANNA did it Cleft: it was Anna who... Particle: only Peter Contrast: not X but Y Word order/focus slot may mark it Task: find the spotlight
زبان کا جائزہ
آپ کی مادری زبان میں
اردو
موجودگی
strong
اہمیت
Focus is expressed by particles such as ہی, بھی, تو, word order and stress.
علی ہی آیا۔
Ali only came.
آپ کی سیکھی جانے والی زبان میں
انگریزی
موجودگی
strong
مشکل کی سطح
English uses stress, cleft sentences, fronting, and context to mark focus.
It was John who called.
John = focused information
سیکھنے والوں کا عام مسئلہ
Learners may use word order alone where English would use stress, clefts, or clearer wording.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.