Quoted / Reported Speech
Who said or thought it?
معنی
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
اسے کیسے پہچانیں
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
مثالیں
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
he said that|she asked if|according to him
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
زبان کا جائزہ
آپ کی مادری زبان میں
Reported speech commonly uses کہنا plus کہ, with tense and deixis adjusted by context.
اس نے کہا کہ وہ آئے گا۔
He said that he will come.
آپ کی سیکھی جانے والی زبان میں
English distinguishes direct and reported speech with reporting verbs, tense backshift, pronouns, and punctuation.
She said that she was tired.
reported clause = reported speech
Learners often struggle with tense shift, quote punctuation, and pronoun/time changes.
Good transfer potential
This block behaves relatively similarly, so you can transfer intuition more safely between the two languages.