Quoted / Reported Speech
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Reported speech
Who said or thought it?
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Information structure
معنی
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
اسے کیسے پہچانیں
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
مثالیں
الفاظ
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
فقرے
he said that|she asked if|according to him
جملہ
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Compare shape
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
زبان کا جائزہ
آپ کی زبان میں
Urdu (standard)
موجودگی
strong
اہمیت
Reported speech commonly uses کہنا plus کہ, with tense and deixis adjusted by context.
اس نے کہا کہ وہ آئے گا۔
He said that he will come.
سیکھی جانے والی زبان میں
Japanese
موجودگی
strong
مشکل کی سطح
Reported speech commonly uses the quotative particle と and speech verbs.
彼女は疲れたと言った。
She said that she was tired.
سیکھنے والوں کا عام مسئلہ
Learners may omit と or mishandle tense and politeness inside quoted content.
Good transfer potential
This block behaves relatively similarly, so you can transfer intuition more safely between the two languages.