Evidence / Source Signal
How does the speaker know?
অর্থ
A signal that marks whether information is seen, heard, inferred, assumed, reported, remembered, or generally known.
কীভাবে চিনবেন
Ask whether the sentence shows the source of knowledge.
উদাহরণ
apparently|I heard|it seems|they say
I heard that|apparently true|it looks like
Apparently, the train is late.
Visual guide
claim: the train is late
^
evidence layer:
how does speaker know?
I heard / it seems / apparently
Apparently, the train is late.
Evidence choices: seen -> direct I heard -> heard they say -> reported it seems -> inferred apparently -> indirect
ভাষাভিত্তিক ভিউ
আপনার মাতৃভাষায়
Bengali can mark reported or inferred information lexically, but does not have a core obligatory evidential system.
শুনেছি সে এসেছে।
I have heard that he/she came.
আপনি যে ভাষা শিখছেন, সেই ভাষায়
English has lexical evidential signals such as apparently, reportedly, I heard that, but no broad obligatory evidential system.
Apparently, he left early.
apparently = evidence/source signal
Learners may not distinguish direct knowledge from reported information in formal writing.
Good transfer potential
This block behaves relatively similarly, so you can transfer intuition more safely between the two languages.