Evidence / Source Signal
How does the speaker know?
অর্থ
A signal that marks whether information is seen, heard, inferred, assumed, reported, remembered, or generally known.
কীভাবে চিনবেন
Ask whether the sentence shows the source of knowledge.
উদাহরণ
apparently|I heard|it seems|they say
I heard that|apparently true|it looks like
Apparently, the train is late.
Visual guide
claim: the train is late
^
evidence layer:
how does speaker know?
I heard / it seems / apparently
Apparently, the train is late.
Evidence choices: seen -> direct I heard -> heard they say -> reported it seems -> inferred apparently -> indirect
ভাষাভিত্তিক ভিউ
আপনার ভাষায়
Bengali can mark reported or inferred information lexically, but does not have a core obligatory evidential system.
শুনেছি সে এসেছে।
I have heard that he/she came.
শেখার ভাষায়
Japanese has useful hearsay and inference markers, though not a mandatory evidential system.
電車が遅れているそうです。
I hear that the train is late.
Learners may confuse そうだ for hearsay with そうだ for appearance.
New in your learning language
This block is more central in your learning language. Give it extra focus in examples and practice.