pestilence
gb/pˈɛstɪləns/ us/pˈɛstɪləns/
C2
Angličtina
~ 9300
ragály, dögvész, rákfene, métely, pestis
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
C2
LITERARY
1
Vzorec užití:
[pestilence] spreads through [a place]
The city was emptied as pestilence swept through its crowded streets.
A város kiürült, ahogy a ragály végigsöpört zsúfolt utcáin.
Medieval chronicles describe a terrible pestilence that killed half the population.
A középkori krónikák egy rettenetes ragályról számolnak be, amely a lakosság felét megölte.
Without clean water and proper sanitation, pestilence soon followed the flood.
Fear of pestilence kept traders away from the infected ports for months.
Učební příklady
A strange pestilence killed many people in the small town.
Egy különös ragály sok embert megölt a kisvárosban.
Doctors tried to stop the pestilence from spreading to other villages.
Az orvosok megpróbálták megakadályozni, hogy a ragály átterjedjen más falvakra.
They prayed for the pestilence to end.
After the pestilence, only a few families were left.
Častá chyba:
Learners may confuse "pestilence" with the more common words "pest" or "pesticide"; however, "pestilence" almost always refers to a serious disease, not to insects or chemicals. Learners also sometimes use it in casual conversation where "disease" or "epidemic" would sound more natural in modern English.
Význam
deadly infectious epidemic disease
Kolokace
war, famine, and pestilence
|plague and pestilence
|spread of pestilence
|deadly pestilence
|a great pestilence
Synonyma
epidemic (More common in modern medical and news contexts; does not always imply that the disease is extremely deadly.)
|
plague (Can refer to a specific disease (like bubonic plague) or any very serious disease; slightly less old-fashioned than "pestilence.")
|
contagion (Emphasizes the ability of a disease to pass from person to person, and is more technical or formal.)
Antonyma
health (Represents the normal, desired condition of being free from disease, the opposite of widespread deadly sickness.)
Témata
health
|disaster
|history
Definice
A very dangerous disease that moves quickly through a group of people or animals and kills many of them.
A very serious and often fatal infectious disease that spreads quickly among many people or animals in a particular area.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
C2
LITERARY
2
Vzorec užití:
a pestilence of [something]
Many saw the unchecked corruption as a pestilence eating away at the nation’s institutions.
Online misinformation has become a modern pestilence, spreading distrust and fear.
The author calls racism a social pestilence that poisons every part of public life.
For the villagers, the gangs were a pestilence that drove honest people from the streets.
Učební příklady
He called drug abuse a pestilence in the city.
Some people say that online hate is a new pestilence.
The leader promised to fight the pestilence of corruption.
In her speech, she said that war is a pestilence on our world.
Častá chyba:
Learners may think this sense is still about a physical disease and miss the figurative meaning. In this figurative use, "pestilence" usually refers to social problems (like corruption, hate, or crime) rather than medical illness.
Význam
widespread harmful influence or corruption
Kolokace
a pestilence of corruption
|a moral pestilence
|pestilence of violence
|pestilence of hatred
Synonyma
scourge (Very close in tone and register, often used for serious, widespread problems like war, drugs, or poverty.)
|
blight (Suggests something that spoils or ruins, especially communities or hopes, and can sound slightly less dramatic than "pestilence.")
|
curse (Stresses the idea of a terrible problem or burden, sometimes with a hint of fate or punishment.)
Antonyma
blessing (Describes something very good and helpful, the opposite of a harmful, spreading influence.)
Témata
society
|morality
|politics
|core_vocabulary
Definice
A very bad thing, like violence or corruption, that grows and spreads through a group or place and hurts many people.
Something, especially a practice, influence, or condition, that spreads widely and causes great harm or moral corruption.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
C2
ARCHAIC
3
pestis
B1
Vzorec užití:
the pestilence of [year/period]
Chroniclers wrote that the pestilence first appeared in the port and then spread inland.
A krónikások azt írták, hogy a pestis először a kikötőben jelent meg, majd a szárazföld belseje felé terjedt.
Many villages were abandoned after the pestilence passed through the countryside.
Sok falut elhagytak, miután a pestis végigsöpört a vidéken.
The play is set during the great pestilence that devastated London in 1665.
Učební příklady
In this history book, the word "pestilence" means the plague.
Ebben a történelemkönyvben a „pestilence” szó pestist jelent.
The pestilence killed so many people that fields were empty.
A pestis annyi embert megölt, hogy a földek parlagon maradtak.
Old letters tell of the fear people felt when the pestilence came.
Častá chyba:
Learners may not realize that in some historical texts, "pestilence" refers specifically to the bubonic plague, not just any disease.
Význam
the bubonic plague (historic)
Kolokace
the Great Pestilence
|the pestilence of 1348
|the pestilence of 1665
|the pestilence swept London
Synonyma
the plague (The usual modern name for the disease; more common than the archaic use of "pestilence.")
Antonyma
good health (Represents the normal state of a population free from the historic plague outbreaks.)
Témata
history
|health
|time
Definice
An old word that in history books can mean the bubonic plague, the very deadly disease that killed many people in Europe long ago.
An old term used especially in historical texts to refer specifically to the bubonic plague, particularly the outbreaks in medieval and early modern Europe.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
pestilence
IPA
GB/pˈɛstɪləns/
US/pˈɛstɪləns/
Slabiky a přízvuk
pes - ti - lence (3 slabiky)
Stress on 1st syllable (pes)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: pestilence
- Plural: pestilence, pestilences
Příbuzná slova
Forms
pestilences
noun
Related words
Výrazy
plague, pestilence, and famine
1/plˈeɪɡ | pˈɛstɪləns | ˈænd fˈæmən/
fixed phrase
literary
plague, deadly disease, and famine
A literary phrase that lists three terrible troubles: plague, other deadly diseases, and serious lack of food.
Příklady
- The novel opens with a description of a land torn by plague, pestilence, and famine.
- Old prophecies spoke of plague, pestilence, and famine sweeping the earth.
war, famine, and pestilence
1/wˈɔɹ | fˈæmən | ˈænd pˈɛstɪləns/
fixed phrase
literary
war, famine, and deadly disease
A set phrase that names three very bad things that can happen to people: war, lack of food, and deadly disease.
Příklady
- The historian writes that the kingdom was ruined by war, famine, and pestilence.
- In the old sermon, the preacher warned that war, famine, and pestilence were signs of judgement.