rat
gb/ɹˈæt/ us/ɹˈæt/
A2
Angličtina
~ 6000
patkány, besúgó, spicli, beköp, felnyom
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
A2
1
patkány
B1
Vzorec užití:
a [rat] in/under/behind [place]
The restaurant had to close after a health inspector found a rat in the kitchen.
Az éttermet be kellett zárni, miután egy közegészségügyi ellenőr patkányt talált a konyhában.
Scientists tested the new medicine on a rat before trying it on humans.
A tudósok egy patkányon tesztelték az új gyógyszert, mielőtt embereken próbálták volna ki.
We heard scratching in the walls and later discovered a huge rat behind the fridge.
The city is trying to control its rat population by improving waste management.
She keeps a white rat as a pet in a big cage.
Učební příklady
A big rat ran across the street at night.
Éjszaka egy nagy patkány futott át az utcán.
There is a dead rat in the garage.
Egy döglött patkány van a garázsban.
The lab has one brown rat and two white rats.
The cat caught a rat in the yard.
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes confuse "rat" and "mouse". A rat is usually larger and has a longer, thicker tail. In many contexts, if size is not clear, either word may be used by mistake, but native speakers generally distinguish them.
Význam
medium-sized rodent
Kolokace
lab rat
|sewer rat
|rat infestation
|rat poison
|rat trap
|dead rat
Synonyma
rodent (More general scientific term; includes rats, mice, and similar animals, and is more formal.)
Antonyma
human (Contrasts an animal like a rat with a person; useful when emphasizing that a rat is not human.)
Témata
animals
|science
|daily life
|nature
Definice
A small animal like a big mouse with a long tail that often lives near people, sometimes in dirty places or in laboratories.
A small to medium-sized rodent with a long tail, often living in cities, sewers, or buildings and sometimes kept for laboratory use or as a pet.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
B1
INFORMAL
2
patkány
B1
Vzorec užití:
call [someone] a [rat]
I can't believe he told everyone your secret—what a rat!
El sem hiszem, hogy mindenkinek elmondta a titkodat – mekkora patkány!
You rat, you took my idea and said it was yours.
Te patkány, lenyúltad az ötletemet, és azt mondtad, hogy a tiéd.
She called him a dirty rat after he laughed at her in front of everyone.
Only a real rat would leave his partner to take all the blame.
Don't be such a rat; help your brother with his homework.
Učební příklady
He lied to me, so I think he is a rat.
Hazudott nekem, ezért szerintem egy patkány.
You rat! You broke my phone and walked away.
Te patkány! Összetörted a telefonomat, aztán csak úgy elsétáltál.
She felt like a rat because she was mean to her friend.
I do not want to be friends with that rat.
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes think this meaning is neutral like the animal. In this sense, "rat" is strongly negative and used only as an insult, usually in anger or jokingly among close friends.
Význam
unpleasant or untrustworthy person
Kolokace
you dirty rat
|little rat
|sneaky rat
|lying rat
|that rat
|the rat who lied
Synonyma
jerk (Informal insult for an unpleasant person; focuses more on rude behavior than on dishonesty.)
Antonyma
friend (A friend is someone you like and trust, the opposite of someone you angrily call a "rat".)
Témata
people
|insults
|relationships
|emotions
|communication
Definice
An insult for a person who is bad, mean, or cannot be trusted.
An insulting word for a person who is considered very unpleasant, mean, or not to be trusted.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
B2
INFORMAL
3
Vzorec užití:
a [rat] inside [group]
The gang suspected there was a rat in their group after several members were arrested.
A banda arra gyanakodott, hogy besúgó van közöttük, miután több tagjukat is letartóztatták.
No one will talk to him anymore; they think he's a rat for working with the police.
Már senki sem áll szóba vele; besúgónak tartják, amiért együttműködik a rendőrséggel.
In prison, being known as a rat can be extremely dangerous.
The politician called his former adviser a rat for leaking documents to the press.
They were sure some rat had told the boss about their secret meetings.
Učební příklady
The police had a rat inside the gang.
A rendőrségnek volt egy besúgója a bandában.
He was called a rat because he told the police everything.
Besúgónak nevezték, mert mindent elmondott a rendőrségnek.
Nobody trusts a rat who gives away secrets.
She felt like a rat after she told the reporter about her company.
Častá chyba:
Learners may mix this meaning with the general insult meaning. Here, the key idea is betrayal by giving information to an outside power, usually the police or an enemy.
Význam
person who informs or betrays
Kolokace
police rat
|an undercover rat
|a rat in the gang
|call him a rat
|labelled a rat
|treated as a rat
Synonyma
informant (More neutral or formal; often used in police and news language without the strong insult of "rat".)
Antonyma
loyalist (A loyalist stays faithful to a group or cause, the opposite of someone who betrays it as a "rat".)
Témata
crime
|loyalty
|politics
|law
|relationships
Definice
A person who tells secret information about their group to the police or another enemy group.
Someone who betrays their group by secretly giving information to the police, authorities, or an enemy, especially in a criminal or political context.
SLOVESO
B2
INFORMAL
4
Vzorec užití:
rat on [someone] / rat [someone] out (to [someone])
He refused to rat on his friends, even after hours of questioning.
Nem volt hajlandó beköpni a barátait, még többórás kihallgatás után sem.
Who ratted us out to the boss about the missing money?
Ki köpött be minket a főnöknek az eltűnt pénz miatt?
She threatened to rat him out to the police if he didn't stop.
Someone must have ratted on the plan, because the police were already waiting.
I'm not going to rat you out for being late—just don't do it again.
Učební příklady
He did not want to rat on his friend.
Nem akarta beköpni a barátját.
She ratted him out to the teacher for cheating.
Beköpte a tanárnak, hogy puskázott.
Who ratted us out to the police?
I will not rat on you if you tell me the truth.
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes drop the preposition and say *"rat someone" for this meaning. In natural speech, people usually say "rat on someone" or "rat someone out" when they mean to inform to authorities.
Význam
betray or inform on someone
Kolokace
rat on someone
|rat someone out
|rat out his friends
|rat on the gang
|rat her out to the teacher
|refuse to rat
Synonyma
betray (More general and slightly more formal; can be used in many types of disloyalty, not only giving information.)
Antonyma
protect (To protect someone is to keep their secrets and keep them safe, the opposite of telling on them.)
Témata
crime
|loyalty
|relationships
|law
|politics
Definice
To tell the police or another enemy secret information about someone, so that person gets in trouble.
To betray a person or group by secretly telling the police, authorities, or an enemy about what they have done.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
rat
IPA
GB/ɹˈæt/
US/ɹˈæt/
Slabiky a přízvuk
rat (1 slabika)
Stress on 1st syllable (rat)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: rat
- Plural: rats
Verb
- Base: rat
- 3rd Person Singular: rats
- Present Participle: ratting
- Past: ratted
Příbuzná slova
Forms
rats
noun
ratting
verb
ratted
verb
Related words
ratty
adjective
rodent
noun
Advanced or less common
ratlike
adjective
Gramatické poznámky
- Irregular present participle: ratting Verb
- Irregular past: ratted Verb
Výrazy
dirty rat
1/dˈɚti ɹˈæt/
idiom
informal
very untrustworthy person (insult)
A strong insult for someone who is very bad, mean, or not loyal.
Příklady
- You dirty rat, you lied to me again!
- He called the thief a dirty rat as the police took him away.
lab rat
1/lˈæb ɹˈæt/
fixed phrase
subject used for experiments
An animal, usually a rat, or informally a person, that is used for tests and experiments in a laboratory.
Příklady
- The new drug was first tried on lab rats.
- I feel like a lab rat with all these medical tests.
like a drowned rat
1/lˈaɪk ə dɹˈaʊnd ɹˈæt/
idiom
informal
completely soaked and messy
Looking very wet and messy, usually after heavy rain or falling into water.
Příklady
- She came in from the storm looking like a drowned rat.
- After the kids played in the rain, they all looked like drowned rats.
like rats leaving a sinking ship
1/lˈaɪk ɹˈæts lˈivɪŋ ə sˈɪŋkɪŋ ʃˈɪp/
idiom
literary
abandon a failing cause
To leave a project, company, or group very quickly when it starts to fail, in order to protect yourself.
Příklady
- When the company started to go bankrupt, employees left like rats leaving a sinking ship.
- Politicians deserted the scandal-hit leader like rats leaving a sinking ship.
pack rat
1/pˈæk ɹˈæt/
idiom
informal
person who keeps too many things
A person who keeps many things and almost never throws anything away, even when they do not need them.
Příklady
- My dad is such a pack rat; he still has magazines from the 1980s.
- Being a pack rat, she keeps every receipt and ticket stub.
rat on (someone)
1/ɹˈæt ˈɔn sˈʌmwˌʌn/
phrasal verb
informal
inform on or betray someone
To tell the police, a teacher, a boss, or another power about what someone did, so that person gets in trouble.
Příklady
- No one wants to rat on their coworkers, even if they break the rules.
- He finally ratted on the gang after they threatened his family.
rat out (someone)
1/ɹˈæt ˈaʊt sˈʌmwˌʌn/
phrasal verb
informal
reveal someone’s wrongdoing
To tell other people, often people in power, that someone did something bad or secret.
Příklady
- She ratted him out to the principal for bullying another student.
- Who ratted us out to the boss about leaving early?
rat race
1/ɹˈæt ɹˈeɪs/
idiom
stressful, competitive modern life
A busy, stressful way of life where people work very hard and compete all the time, usually in big cities or offices.
Příklady
- After ten years in the rat race, he moved to the countryside.
- Many people feel trapped in the corporate rat race.
rat’s nest
1/ɹˈæts nˈɛst/
idiom
informal
very messy tangle
A place or group of things that is very messy and tangled, like many wires or very messy hair.
Příklady
- The cables behind the TV are a real rat’s nest.
- Her hair was a rat’s nest after the long flight.
smell a rat
1/smˈɛl ə ɹˈæt/
idiom
informal
Suspect dishonesty or wrongdoing
To think that something is wrong or someone is doing something bad or dishonest.
Příklady
- When she arrived so late, I began to smell a rat.
- I smell a rat—these numbers are too good to be true.
- I smelled a rat when he offered such a low price.
- The police began to smell a rat when his story kept changing.