shaft
gb/ʃˈæft/ us/ʃˈæft/
B1
Angličtina
~ 8600
nyél, szár, akna, fénysugár, odaszúrás, csípős megjegyzés, kitolás, kiszúrás, átver, kitol, lehúz, megdug, megbasz, fasz, pénisz szára
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
B1
1
Vzorec užití:
the shaft of [a tool/club/arrow]
He replaced the broken shaft of his hammer with a new wooden one.
A kalapács törött nyelét új fanyélre cserélte.
The arrow’s shaft snapped when it hit the wall.
A nyílvessző szára kettétört, amikor a falnak csapódott.
She gripped the shaft of the golf club and took a practice swing.
The steel shaft connects the motor to the wheels.
The broom’s shaft was too long to fit in the closet.
Učební příklady
He cleaned the long shaft of the shovel.
Megtisztította a lapát hosszú nyelét.
The boy held the shaft of the fishing rod tightly.
A fiú szorosan fogta a horgászbot szárát.
The arrow has a sharp tip and a long shaft.
This golf club has a very light shaft.
The metal shaft under the car turns the wheels.
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes confuse "shaft" with "staff". "Shaft" is usually the long part of an object (like a tool or arrow), while "staff" is a stick used for walking or as a symbol of office, or a group of employees.
Význam
long narrow handle or rod
Kolokace
golf club shaft
|wooden shaft
|steel shaft
|axe shaft
|arrow shaft
|drive shaft
Synonyma
handle (Focuses on the part held by the hand, not always long and narrow.)
|
rod (Any straight bar or stick; less tied to being the main part of a specific tool.)
Antonyma
head (Refers to the working or striking end of a tool, the opposite part from the shaft.)
Témata
objects
|technology
|construction
|core_vocabulary
|work
Definice
The long, thin part of something, like the handle of a tool or the main part of a golf club or arrow.
The long, narrow, usually cylindrical part of an object, such as the handle of a tool or the main body of a club, arrow, or similar item.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
B2
2
akna
B1
Vzorec užití:
a [mine/elevator/ventilation] shaft
The miners descended deep into the earth through a narrow shaft.
A bányászok egy szűk aknán ereszkedtek le mélyen a földbe.
An open elevator shaft can be extremely dangerous on a construction site.
Egy nyitott liftakna rendkívül veszélyes lehet egy építkezésen.
Fresh air was brought into the tunnel through a ventilation shaft.
They discovered the hidden room behind an old brick shaft in the basement.
Rescue teams lowered equipment down the mine shaft to reach the trapped workers.
Učební příklady
The elevator moves up and down in a tall shaft.
A lift egy magas liftaknában mozog fel és le.
Workers went down the mine shaft to get coal.
A munkások lementek a bányaaknába, hogy szenet bányásszanak.
Light came into the building through an air shaft.
They looked down the deep shaft but could not see the bottom.
The old shaft was no longer safe to use.
Častá chyba:
Learners may describe any tunnel as a "shaft". A shaft is usually more narrow and more vertical than a typical horizontal tunnel.
Význam
vertical tunnel or passage
Kolokace
mine shaft
|elevator shaft
|ventilation shaft
|air shaft
|lift shaft
|shaft collapse
Synonyma
tunnel (A more general term; not necessarily vertical and often larger and longer.)
|
well (Usually a vertical shaft for water; more specific purpose than "shaft".)
Antonyma
solid wall (A continuous structure with no passage through it, the opposite of an opening like a shaft.)
Témata
construction
|transport
|science
|work
|housing
Definice
A narrow, usually straight hole or tunnel that goes up or down in the ground or a building, for example for a mine or an elevator.
A narrow, usually vertical or steeply inclined passage going down into the ground or up through a building, used for things like mines, elevators, or ventilation.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
B2
3
fénysugár
B1
Vzorec užití:
a shaft of [light/sunlight]
A shaft of light fell through the curtains and lit up the floor.
Egy fénysugár szűrődött be a függönyön át, és megvilágította a padlót.
Dust danced in the narrow shaft of sunlight coming through the window.
Por táncolt az ablakon beáradó keskeny fénysugárban.
The cave was almost black except for a single shaft of light from above.
She stood in a shaft of moonlight, her face just visible.
The door opened, sending a bright shaft of light into the dark hallway.
Učební příklady
A shaft of light came in through the small window.
Egy fénysugár jött be a kis ablakon.
He saw tiny dust in the shaft of sunlight.
Apró porszemeket látott a napsugárban.
The room was dark, but a shaft of light showed the table.
A shaft of moonlight fell on her bed.
When he opened the door, a shaft of light entered the room.
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes say "line of light" or "stripe of light" instead of the more natural "shaft of light" or "beam of light" in this context.
Význam
narrow beam of light
Kolokace
shaft of light
|shaft of sunlight
|shaft of moonlight
|golden shafts of sun
|a single shaft of light
Synonyma
beam (General word for a line of light; not as strongly associated with coming through a small opening.)
|
ray (Often smaller or more abstract; used more broadly for light or figurative hope.)
Antonyma
darkness (The absence of light, which a shaft of light cuts through.)
Témata
nature
|visual
|weather
|science
Definice
A thin line or beam of light, especially when it comes into a dark room through a small space.
A narrow beam or streak of light, especially one coming through a small opening into a darker place.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
C1
4
odaszúrás
B2
Vzorec užití:
a shaft of [wit/sarcasm/criticism]
Her speech was full of subtle shafts aimed at her critics.
A beszéde tele volt a bírálóinak címzett finom odaszúrásokkal.
He could not resist a quick shaft of sarcasm about the new policy.
Nem tudott ellenállni egy gyors, gúnyos odaszúrásnak az új intézkedéssel kapcsolatban.
The reviewer’s shafts about the actor’s performance were unusually harsh.
Each joke carried a little shaft of criticism under the laughter.
His remark was less a compliment than a well-aimed shaft.
Učební příklady
He made a small shaft at his boss during the meeting.
Az értekezleten tett egy apró odaszúrást a főnökére.
Her joke sounded funny, but it was also a shaft at her friend.
A poénja viccesnek hangzott, de egyben csípős megjegyzés is volt a barátjára.
The writer is known for sharp shafts in his articles.
That comment was a clear shaft against the new manager.
She laughed, but the shaft in his words hurt her.
Častá chyba:
Learners may not recognize this sense and may think "shaft" always refers to a physical object. In this meaning, it is a metaphor for a sudden, sharp remark.
Význam
sharp or cutting remark
Kolokace
a shaft of wit
|a shaft of sarcasm
|a cruel shaft
|a bitter shaft
|a shaft directed at [someone]
Synonyma
barb (Very close in meaning, but often suggests a more obviously hurtful or pointed remark.)
|
dig (Informal; a casual, slightly hidden critical comment.)
Antonyma
compliment (A positive remark of praise, the opposite of a sharp, critical shaft.)
Témata
communication
|emotions
|social
Definice
A short comment that is clever but also unkind or very critical.
A brief, often witty remark that is sharply critical, sarcastic, or hurtful.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
C1
INFORMAL
5
Vzorec užití:
get the shaft / give [someone] the shaft
He really got the shaft when they promoted someone with less experience.
Nagyon kitoltak vele, amikor egy nála kevésbé tapasztalt embert léptettek elő.
Fans felt they got the shaft when ticket prices doubled overnight.
A rajongók úgy érezték, jól kitoltak velük, amikor a jegyárak egyik napról a másikra megduplázódtak.
She gave him the shaft after years of loyal work, firing him without warning.
Many employees think they’re getting the shaft with the new schedule.
The small suppliers worry they will get the shaft in any merger.
Učební příklady
He felt he got the shaft when he lost his job.
Úgy érezte, kitoltak vele, amikor elvesztette az állását.
The workers said they got the shaft with the new rules.
A munkások azt mondták, hogy az új szabályokkal kitoltak velük.
She gave him the shaft after he helped her for years.
Fans think they got the shaft because the prices went up.
I do not want to get the shaft in this deal.
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes say "receive a shaft" or "have a shaft" instead of the fixed informal phrases "get the shaft" or "give someone the shaft".
Význam
unfair or harsh treatment
Kolokace
get the shaft
|give someone the shaft
|really got the shaft
|feel like you got the shaft
|a raw shaft
Synonyma
raw deal (Very close informal expression; clearly highlights being treated unfairly.)
|
injustice (More formal and general; covers legal and moral unfairness, not just personal feelings.)
Antonyma
fair deal (Informal phrase for treatment that is reasonable and just, the opposite of "the shaft".)
Témata
social
|work
|emotions
|relationships
|business
Definice
Unfair or very bad treatment, especially when someone feels cheated.
Unfair, harsh, or dishonest treatment, especially when someone feels they have been cheated or badly treated.
SLOVESO
C1
INFORMAL
6
Vzorec užití:
to shaft [someone]
He felt the company had shafted him by cutting his bonus.
Úgy érezte, a cég kitolt vele azzal, hogy megvágta a bónuszát.
They totally shafted their customers with hidden fees.
Teljesen lehúzták az ügyfeleiket a rejtett díjakkal.
She worries that her landlord will shaft her on the deposit.
If we shaft our suppliers now, they won’t trust us later.
The players claimed they were shafted in the contract negotiations.
Učební příklady
He thinks the boss shafted him on his pay.
Úgy gondolja, hogy a főnöke átverte a fizetésével.
The shop shafted many people with high prices.
A bolt sok embert lehúzott a magas áraival.
She was shafted when they changed the deal.
We do not want to shaft our clients.
They got shafted by a bad lawyer.
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes use "shaft" in very formal writing where a more neutral verb like "treat unfairly" or "cheat" is better. "Shaft" is informal and suits speech or casual writing.
Význam
treat or cheat unfairly
Kolokace
shaft someone out of [money/opportunity]
|really shaft someone
|feel shafted
|get shafted by [someone/company]
|shaft your employees
Synonyma
cheat (General; focuses more on dishonesty than on the emotional sense of being badly treated.)
|
screw over (Very similar informal phrase; slightly more vulgar and emotional.)
Antonyma
treat fairly (Describes giving someone just and reasonable treatment, the opposite of shafting them.)
Témata
social
|work
|business
|emotions
|finance
|relationships
Definice
To treat someone very unfairly, especially by cheating them or not keeping a promise.
To treat someone in an unfair, dishonest, or very unkind way, especially by cheating them or breaking an agreement.
SLOVESO
C2
VULGAR
7
Vzorec užití:
to shaft [someone]
He bragged crudely about shafting three women on holiday.
Durván azzal hencegett, hogy a nyaraláson három nőt is megdugott.
That song’s lyrics are basically just about him wanting to shaft her.
Annak a dalnak a szövege lényegében csak arról szól, hogy meg akarja dugni azt a nőt.
They joked about him trying to shaft every girl at the party.
Učební příklady
In this movie, the men talk about shafting women, which is rude.
Ebben a filmben a férfiak nők megdugásáról beszélnek, ami durva.
The word "shaft" for sex is vulgar and can offend people.
A „shaft” szó szexuális értelemben vulgáris, és sértő lehet.
You should not say you want to shaft someone in polite talk.
Častá chyba:
Learners may not realize this use is vulgar and use it in polite conversation. It should generally be avoided except when understanding jokes, movies, or rude speech.
Význam
have sex with (vulgar)
Kolokace
shaft some girl/guy
|just want to shaft her
|getting shafted by him
|talk about shafting someone
Synonyma
screw (A very common vulgar verb for having sex; similar tone, often a bit more common than "shaft".)
Antonyma
abstain (Means to not have sex or avoid sexual activity; opposite behavior to this verb.)
Témata
sex
|slang
|emotions
|relationships
|body
Definice
To have sex with someone, said in a rude or crude way.
To have sexual intercourse with someone; used crudely or aggressively, often from a male point of view.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
C2
VULGAR
8
fasz
C1
pénisz szára
B2
The book used explicit language to describe his shaft.
A könyv trágár szavakkal írta le a faszát.
Some song lyrics talk graphically about a man’s shaft.
Egyes dalszövegek kendőzetlenül beszélnek egy férfi faszáról.
That website contains drawings that clearly show the shaft of the penis.
Učební příklady
You may see the word "shaft" for penis in adult books or movies.
A „shaft” szót a pénisz vulgáris megnevezéseként felnőtteknek szóló könyvekben vagy filmekben láthatod.
Talking about someone’s shaft is very rude.
Valakinek a faszáról beszélni nagyon durva.
Do not use the word "shaft" for penis in normal conversation.
Častá chyba:
Learners may not realize this is a vulgar term and may confuse it with the neutral physical sense of "shaft" meaning a rod or handle. Context and tone are very important.
Význam
penis (vulgar, esp. main part)
Kolokace
his shaft
|the thick shaft
|stroke his shaft
|bare shaft
Synonyma
dick (Very common vulgar term for penis; more general and widely used than "shaft".)
Antonyma
vulva (External female genitalia; opposite sex organ in a basic male–female contrast.)
Témata
sex
|slang
|body
|health
Definice
A rude word for the main part of a penis.
A vulgar term for a penis, especially the long main part of it, not including the tip.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
shaft
IPA
GB/ʃˈæft/
US/ʃˈæft/
Slabiky a přízvuk
shaft (1 slabika)
Stress on 1st syllable (shaft)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: shaft
- Plural: shafts
Verb
- Base: shaft
- 3rd Person Singular: shafts
- Present Participle: shafting
- Past: shafted
Příbuzná slova
Forms
shafts
noun
shafting
verb
shafted
verb
Výrazy
drive shaft
1/dɹˈaɪv ʃˈæft/
fixed phrase
technical
rotating rod carrying power
A long metal rod in a car or machine that turns and carries power from the engine to the wheels or other moving parts.
Příklady
- The mechanic said the noise was coming from a worn drive shaft.
- A broken drive shaft can stop the car from moving.
elevator shaft
1/ˈɛləvˌeɪtɚ ʃˈæft/
fixed phrase
vertical space for an elevator
The tall, narrow space in a building where the elevator goes up and down.
Příklady
- Workers were repairing cables in the elevator shaft.
- An open elevator shaft must be blocked off for safety.
get the shaft
1/ɡˈɛt ðə ʃˈæft/
idiom
informal
be treated very unfairly
To be treated in a very unfair, bad, or dishonest way, especially in work or business.
Příklady
- He got the shaft when they fired him just before his bonus was due.
- Many customers felt they got the shaft after the company raised its prices without warning.
give someone the shaft
1/ɡˈɪv sˈʌmwˌʌn ðə ʃˈæft/
idiom
informal
treat someone very unfairly
To treat a person in a very unfair or dishonest way, often after they trusted you.
Příklady
- After all his hard work, the company gave him the shaft and hired someone else.
- She felt her friends gave her the shaft when they went on holiday without telling her.
lift shaft
1/lˈɪft ʃˈæft/
fixed phrase
vertical space for a lift
The tall, narrow space in a building where the lift (elevator) goes up and down. Used mainly in British English.
Příklady
- The new building has a glass lift shaft on the outside wall.
- They checked the lift shaft for any loose cables.
mine shaft
1/mˈaɪn ʃˈæft/
fixed phrase
technical
vertical tunnel in a mine
A deep, narrow tunnel that goes down into the ground so miners can reach coal, gold, or other things underground.
Příklady
- The old mine shaft was closed after the accident.
- They sent equipment down the mine shaft to help the trapped workers.
shaft of light
1/ʃˈæft əv lˈaɪt/
fixed phrase
narrow beam of light
A thin beam of light that comes into a darker place, often through a small opening.
Příklady
- A shaft of light came through the clouds and lit the hill.
- Dust floated in the shaft of light from the open door.
ventilation shaft
1/vˌɛntɪlˈeɪʃən ʃˈæft/
fixed phrase
vertical passage for airflow
A long, usually vertical hole or passage that lets air go in and out of a tunnel, mine, or other closed space.
Příklady
- Fresh air entered the tunnel through a narrow ventilation shaft.
- The miners escaped by climbing up the old ventilation shaft.
ventilation shaft
2/vˌɛntɪlˈeɪʃən ʃˈæft/
fixed phrase
technical
vertical passage for air flow
A narrow passage in a building, tunnel, or mine that lets fresh air in or bad air out.
Příklady
- Smoke poured out of the ventilation shaft on the roof.
- The rescue team lowered cameras through a ventilation shaft.