specialization
gb/spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/ us/spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/
B2
Angličtina
~ 8000
erősség, specialitás, szakirány, szakterület, szakosodás, specializáció, sejtdifferenciálódás, differenciálódás
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
B2
1
Vzorec užití:
[someone]'s specialization is [field]
Her main specialization is environmental law.
Fő szakterülete a környezetvédelmi jog.
The program allows students to choose a specialization in their final year.
A program lehetővé teszi, hogy a hallgatók az utolsó évben szakirányt válasszanak.
Data security is a growing specialization within information technology.
He completed his medical degree with a specialization in cardiology.
Marketing analytics has become a highly valued specialization in many companies.
Učební příklady
My specialization is computer graphics.
A szakterületem a számítógépes grafika.
She wants a specialization in child psychology.
Gyermekpszichológiai szakirányt szeretne választani.
This course is good for students with a business specialization.
He changed his specialization from chemistry to biology.
IT security is a useful specialization today.
Častá chyba:
Learners often confuse "specialization" with "major." In university contexts, "major" is more common in everyday speech (especially in American English), while "specialization" can sound more formal or narrow. Another mistake is using the wrong preposition: say "a specialization in marketing," not "a specialization on marketing."
Význam
main field of work or study
Kolokace
area of specialization
|field of specialization
|medical specialization
|technical specialization
|professional specialization
|academic specialization
Synonyma
specialty (Very close in meaning; often a bit more informal and slightly more common in everyday speech, especially for jobs and food (e.g., a chef’s specialty).)
Antonyma
generalist (Refers to a person who has broad skills and knowledge in many areas instead of one clear specialization.)
Témata
education
|work
|business
|core_vocabulary
Definice
A main subject or skill that a person chooses to focus on and become very good at.
A particular subject, skill, or type of work that someone mainly focuses on and is especially knowledgeable or skilled in.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
C1
2
szakosodás
B2
Vzorec užití:
the specialization of [work/roles/tasks]
Increasing specialization in the workplace has created many highly focused roles.
A munkahelyi növekvő szakosodás sok erősen specializált munkakört hozott létre.
The specialization of tasks helped the company produce goods more efficiently.
A feladatok specializációja segített a vállalatnak hatékonyabban árut termelni.
Modern societies rely on a high level of specialization to function smoothly.
In smaller firms, there is less specialization, so employees must handle many different duties.
The report describes a clear trend toward specialization in higher education.
Učební příklady
There is more specialization in big companies.
A nagyvállalatoknál nagyobb a szakosodás.
Specialization of work can save time.
A munka specializációja időt takaríthat meg.
Modern life needs a high level of specialization.
With less specialization, each worker does many jobs.
The book talks about specialization in modern society.
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes treat this sense as always countable. When talking about the general trend or process, "specialization" is usually uncountable (e.g., "increasing specialization," not *"an increasing specialization" unless you mean one specific case).
Význam
process of narrowing focus
Kolokace
increasing specialization
|job specialization
|role specialization
|high degree of specialization
|division and specialization of labor
|trend toward specialization
Synonyma
narrowing (More general word; does not always include the idea of professional or functional focus that "specialization" has.)
Antonyma
diversification (Describes doing or producing many different kinds of things, the opposite of focusing on a narrow set of tasks.)
Témata
work
|business
|society
|education
Definice
The act of doing or learning fewer kinds of things so you can do those few things very well.
The process or trend of limiting work, activities, or knowledge to a narrower range of tasks, skills, or subjects, often to increase efficiency or expertise.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
C1
TECHNICAL
3
Vzorec užití:
the specialization of [cells/tissues/organs] for [function]
Cell specialization allows muscle cells and nerve cells to perform very different functions.
A sejtdifferenciálódás teszi lehetővé, hogy az izomsejtek és az idegsejtek nagyon különböző funkciókat lássanak el.
The specialization of tissues is essential for the development of complex organisms.
A szövetek differenciálódása elengedhetetlen az összetett szervezetek fejlődéséhez.
Brain specialization helps different regions control movement, language, and vision.
Evolution has led to extreme specialization in the feeding structures of some insects.
The paper explores the relationship between cell specialization and organism complexity.
Učební příklady
Cell specialization happens as the body grows.
A sejtdifferenciálódás a test növekedése során megy végbe.
Specialization of cells lets them do different jobs.
A sejtek differenciálódása lehetővé teszi, hogy különböző feladatokat lássanak el.
Tissue specialization is important in complex animals.
Brain specialization means different parts do different things.
In biology class we studied cell specialization.
Častá chyba:
Learners may confuse "specialization" with "species" or "speciation" in biology because of similar spelling. "Specialization" is about cells or parts getting a specific job; "speciation" is about new species forming.
Význam
cells or organs becoming specialized
Kolokace
cell specialization
|functional specialization
|specialization of cells
|specialization of tissues
|neural specialization
|adaptation and specialization
Synonyma
differentiation (More precise technical term in biology; often used specifically for cells becoming different types, while "specialization" can more broadly emphasize the function.)
Antonyma
undifferentiated (Describes cells or tissues that have not taken on a specific structure or function, which is the opposite state of specialized structures.)
Témata
biology
|science
|health
Definice
In biology, the way that cells or body parts change so they can do one special job well.
In biology, the process by which cells, tissues, or organs develop specific structures and functions, becoming different from each other to perform particular roles.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
C1
TECHNICAL
4
szakosodás
B2
Vzorec užití:
specialization in the production of [goods/services]
International trade is driven by specialization and comparative advantage.
A nemzetközi kereskedelmet a szakosodás és a komparatív előny mozgatja.
The region’s specialization in high-tech manufacturing has boosted its economy.
A régió high-tech gyártásra való szakosodása fellendítette a gazdaságát.
Economic specialization allows countries to focus on what they produce most efficiently.
Over time, industrial specialization has made global supply chains more complex.
The textbook explains how specialization and trade can increase total output.
Učební příklady
Many countries gain from specialization and trade.
Sok ország profitál a szakosodásból és a kereskedelemből.
This city’s specialization is car production.
Ez a város az autógyártásra szakosodott.
Economic specialization can make workers more efficient.
Regional specialization means each area makes different things.
The lesson was about specialization in international trade.
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes use "specialization" here to talk about a person’s job choice (which fits sense 1) instead of a wider economic pattern. When the subject is a country, industry, or region, it usually refers to the economic sense.
Význam
economic focus on certain products
Kolokace
economic specialization
|regional specialization
|trade and specialization
|specialization and comparative advantage
|specialization in services
|industrial specialization
Synonyma
division of labor (Related but not identical; "division of labor" is about splitting tasks, while "specialization" focuses on repeatedly doing a limited set of tasks or products.)
Antonyma
self-sufficiency (Describes producing everything you need yourself instead of specializing and relying on trade.)
Témata
economics
|business
|finance
Definice
In economics, when people or places make only a few kinds of products or services so they can do them very well and trade with others.
In economics, the situation in which individuals, firms, or regions concentrate on producing a narrow range of goods or services, usually to increase efficiency and benefit from trade.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
specialization
IPA
GB/spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/
US/spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/
Slabiky a přízvuk
spe - cial - iz - a - tion (5 slabik)
Stress on 4th syllable (a)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: specialization
- Plural: specialization, specializations
Příbuzná slova
Forms
specializations
noun
Core family
special
adjective A2
specialize
verb B1
specialist
noun B1
specialized
adjective
especially
adverb A2
Negative and opposite forms
unspecialized
adjective
generalist
noun C1
Advanced or less common
specialism
noun
overspecialization
noun
Výrazy
area of specialization
1/ˈɛɹiə əv spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
person’s main expert field
The subject or skill that a person mainly works in or studies and knows best.
Příklady
- My area of specialization is corporate finance.
- The university is known for its strong areas of specialization in engineering and medicine.
- You should choose an area of specialization that matches your interests.
field of specialization
1/fˈild əv spˌɛʃələzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
professional or academic domain
The professional or study area that someone has chosen to focus on.
Příklady
- Her field of specialization is international human rights law.
- Applicants must state their field of specialization on the form.
- Neuroscience is a challenging field of specialization.