turf
gb/tˈɚf/ us/tˈɚf/
B2
Angličtina
~ 6900
gyep, műfű, műgyep, terület, felségterület, kidob, kirúg, kitesz, gyepszőnyeg, gyeptégla, lóversenyzés, lóversenyek világa, gyepszőnyeget fektet, tőzegtégla, tőzeg
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
B2
1
gyep
B1
Vzorec užití:
on the turf; lay turf on [an area]
Players slipped on the wet turf during the match.
A játékosok megcsúsztak a vizes gyepen a mérkőzés alatt.
They laid fresh turf in the backyard to create a new lawn.
Friss gyepszőnyeget fektettek le a hátsó kertben, hogy új pázsitot alakítsanak ki.
Please keep off the turf while the grass is growing.
Golfers are careful not to damage the turf when they swing.
The horse galloped across the soft turf of the field.
Učební příklady
The boys played soccer on the green turf.
A fiúk a zöld gyepen fociztak.
We put new turf in our small garden.
Új gyepszőnyeget terítettünk le a kis kertünkben.
Do not walk on the turf near the sign.
The dog ran across the wet turf.
Workers are fixing the damaged turf on the field.
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes think "turf" only means fake or artificial grass. In fact, it can refer to any grass-covered ground surface, whether natural or artificial. Use modifiers like "natural turf" or "artificial turf" if you need to be clear.
Význam
grass-covered ground surface
Kolokace
lay turf
|roll out turf
|soft turf
|football turf
|stretch of turf
|wet turf
Synonyma
grass (More general and common; does not always include the idea of the soil layer forming a surface.)
Antonyma
bare earth (Describes ground without grass or other covering, the opposite of grassy turf.)
Témata
environment
|sports
|home
|nature
|daily_life
Definice
The top part of the ground that has grass and soil, used as a surface to walk or play on, like a lawn or sports field.
The top layer of ground where grass and its roots grow, especially when seen as a surface for walking, playing sports, or as a lawn.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
B2
2
Vzorec užití:
artificial turf; play on the turf
The stadium replaced its old grass with modern artificial turf.
A stadionban a régi füvet korszerű műfűre cserélték.
You need special shoes to play safely on turf.
A műfüvön való biztonságos játékhoz speciális cipő kell.
He fell during practice and got a painful turf burn on his knee.
Učební příklady
Our school has an artificial turf field.
Az iskolánknak műfüves pályája van.
It is easier to clean turf than real grass.
A műfüvet könnyebb tisztítani, mint az igazi füvet.
The team prefers to play on turf in the winter.
These shoes are good for turf surfaces.
She slipped on the wet turf during the game.
Častá chyba:
Learners may think "turf" always means artificial grass because of sports contexts. Remember that "turf" can be either real or artificial; say "artificial turf" when you want to be specific.
Význam
synthetic grass-like sports surface
Kolokace
artificial turf
|AstroTurf pitch
|indoor turf field
|turf burn
|turf shoes
|turf surface
Synonyma
artificial grass (More transparent for learners; explicitly states that the surface is not natural.)
Antonyma
natural grass (Highlights that the surface is real, living grass instead of synthetic material.)
Témata
sports
|technology
Definice
A man‑made floor that looks like grass and is used for sports or gardens instead of real grass.
A manufactured surface made from synthetic materials that imitates grass, used especially on sports fields and in outdoor areas instead of natural grass.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
B2
INFORMAL
3
terület
B1
Vzorec užití:
[someone]'s turf; on [someone]'s turf
Local gangs were fighting over drug‑dealing turf.
A helyi bandák a drogárusítási területért harcoltak.
He sees the new manager as a threat to his turf in the company.
Szerinte az új vezető fenyegetést jelent a cégen belüli felségterületére.
Journalists accused the agency of defending its turf instead of helping the public.
You're on my turf now, so we play by my rules.
The two departments have overlapping turf and often argue about who should handle projects.
Učební příklady
The gang did not want other groups on their turf.
A banda nem akarta, hogy más csoportok megjelenjenek a területén.
He was angry because the new worker came onto his turf.
Dühös volt, mert az új dolgozó betolakodott a területére.
The sales team protected their turf from other teams.
You are on her turf, so please listen to her.
Two groups fought over turf in that area.
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes think this meaning is only about physical land. In modern English, "turf" in this sense is often about markets or responsibilities, for example "political turf" or "academic turf".
Význam
someone's territory or area
Kolokace
on his turf
|invade their turf
|protect their turf
|lose turf
|gang turf
|sales turf
Synonyma
territory (More formal and neutral; lacks the strong informal, sometimes aggressive feel of "turf".)
Antonyma
neutral ground (Suggests an area not controlled by any one person or group, opposite to a claimed turf.)
Témata
social
|business
|crime
|relationships
Definice
A place or area of work that a person or group feels belongs to them and that they want to control or protect.
An area, market, or field of activity that a person, group, or organization regards as their own territory, influence, or responsibility and wants to protect from others.
SLOVESO
C1
INFORMAL
4
Vzorec užití:
turf [someone] out (of [a place]); turf [something] out
The landlord finally turfed them out for not paying the rent.
A főbérlő végül kitette őket, mert nem fizették a bérleti díjat.
Security turfed the drunk fan out of the stadium.
A biztonságiak kidobták a részeg szurkolót a stadionból.
They turfed him out of the company after the scandal.
I spent the weekend turfing old junk out of the garage.
She was turfed off the team after missing too many practices.
Učební příklady
The club turfed him out because he was rude.
A klub kidobta, mert udvariatlan volt.
The teacher did not turf the students out; she let them stay.
A tanár nem dobta ki a diákokat; hagyta, hogy maradjanak.
They were turfed out of the hotel after they broke the rules.
I need to turf these old shoes out of my cupboard.
The boss turfed her off the project.
Častá chyba:
Learners may confuse "turf out" with "turn out" or "take off". "Turf out" always has the idea of forcing someone or something to leave or be removed, often informally and a bit roughly.
Význam
to force someone to leave
Kolokace
turf someone out
|turf them out of [a place]
|turf her off the team
|turf the tenants out
|turf old clothes out
Synonyma
evict (More formal and legal; usually used for removing someone from property by law.)
Antonyma
take in (Means to allow or welcome someone into a place or group, opposite of forcing them out.)
Témata
social
|work
|daily life
|relationships
Definice
To make a person or thing go out of a place or job, usually quickly and not kindly.
To make someone leave a place, job, or situation, often suddenly or unkindly, by ordering or pushing them out.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
C1
TECHNICAL
5
gyepszőnyeg
B2
gyeptégla
C1
Vzorec užití:
a strip of turf; lay turf on [an area]
They ordered several rolls of turf to create a new lawn.
Több tekercs gyepszőnyeget rendeltek, hogy új pázsitot alakítsanak ki.
Workers cut away the old turf before installing the patio.
A munkások eltávolították a régi gyepszőnyeget, mielőtt kialakították a teraszt.
A few pieces of turf were missing, leaving bare patches on the pitch.
Učební příklady
We bought turf to cover the garden quickly.
Gyepszőnyeget vettünk, hogy gyorsan befedjük a kertet.
The man cut turf and put it on the path.
A férfi gyeptéglákat vágott ki, és lerakta őket az ösvényre.
They laid new turf after fixing the ground.
She lifted the turf to plant some flowers.
A strip of turf came loose in the storm.
Častá chyba:
Learners may not realize that in this sense, "turf" is countable when talking about individual pieces ("three rolls of turf"), but uncountable when talking about a general covering ("lay some turf").
Význam
cut piece of grass and soil
Kolokace
strip of turf
|roll of turf
|lift the turf
|cut turf
|patch of turf
|lay new turf
Synonyma
sod (Very close in meaning; more common in North American gardening and construction contexts.)
Antonyma
topsoil (Refers just to the soil layer, not including a bound, grass-covered piece ready to lay.)
Témata
home
|gardening
|construction
|housing
|nature
Definice
A piece or layer of grass with thin soil under it, used to make or repair a lawn or field.
A piece or continuous layer of grass and the soil held together by its roots, cut or grown to be used for covering ground, such as for lawns or playing fields.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
C1
6
Vzorec užití:
the turf; on the turf; retire from the turf
He made his name on the turf as a top jockey.
Élvonalbeli zsokéként a lóversenyzés világában szerzett nevet magának.
Scandals have damaged public trust in the turf in recent years.
Az elmúlt évek botrányai megrendítették a közbizalmat a lóversenyzés iránt.
Several legends of the turf attended the ceremony at the racecourse.
Učební příklady
He spent his life on the turf as a trainer.
Trénerként az egész életét a lóversenyzésben töltötte.
She writes about the turf for a sports magazine.
Egy sportmagazinnak ír a lóversenyek világáról.
Big money moves through the turf every weekend.
Many people who love the turf meet at this club.
He became a star of the turf after many wins.
Častá chyba:
Learners may think "turf" here just means the grass of the racecourse. In this fixed use, "the turf" refers to the whole world and business of horse racing, not only the ground.
Význam
the horse-racing world
Kolokace
the world of the turf
|hero of the turf
|on the turf
|legend of the turf
|turf journalist
|turf club
Synonyma
horse racing (Directly names the sport; "the turf" is slightly more literary or traditional.)
Antonyma
the trackless world (Used here conceptually as life outside the horse‑racing scene, contrasting with the specialized world of the turf.)
Témata
sports
|gambling
|finance
Definice
The sport and business of horse racing and betting, seen as a special world.
The activity, industry, and culture of horse racing and betting, considered as a particular world or field of sport.
SLOVESO
C1
7
Vzorec užití:
turf [an area]; turf over [an area]
They decided to turf the entire backyard instead of planting seed.
Úgy döntöttek, hogy magvetés helyett az egész hátsó kertben gyepszőnyeget fektetnek.
The developer agreed to turf the new play area before opening it.
A beruházó vállalta, hogy a megnyitás előtt gyepszőnyeget fektet az új játszóterületen.
Once the patio was finished, the remaining ground was turfed over.
Učební příklady
We will turf the garden in spring.
Tavasszal gyepszőnyeget fektetünk a kertben.
The city plans to turf the small park.
A város azt tervezi, hogy gyepszőnyeggel borítja a kis parkot.
Workers turfed the empty ground behind the house.
They turfed the area after building the wall.
The newly turfed lawn looks very green.
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes confuse this with the informal verb meaning "to turf someone out". Here, the verb takes an area of ground as its object, not a person.
Význam
to cover ground with turf
Kolokace
turf the garden
|turf the slope
|newly turfed lawn
|turf over the area
|turfed front yard
Synonyma
sod (Often used in North American English as "sod a lawn"; slightly more common there than "turf" as a verb.)
Antonyma
strip (As in "strip the lawn" or "strip the turf", meaning to remove grass from the ground, the opposite of covering it.)
Témata
home
|gardening
|construction
|housing
|daily_life
Definice
To put pieces of grass and soil on the ground to make a lawn or grass surface.
To cover an area of ground with pieces or rolls of turf in order to create a lawn or grass surface.
PODSTATNÉ JMÉNO
C2
TECHNICAL
8
tőzegtégla
C1
tőzeg
B2
Vzorec užití:
cut turf; stack turf; burn turf
A sweet smell of burning turf drifted from the cottage chimney.
Az égő tőzeg édeskés illata szállt ki a házikó kéményéből.
They spent the afternoon cutting turf on the bog.
Délután tőzeget vágtak a tőzeglápon.
Stacks of turf were drying in the weak autumn sun.
Učební příklady
They burned turf to heat the small house.
Tőzeggel fűtötték a kis házat.
Men were cutting turf in the wet field.
Férfiak tőzeget vágtak a vizes mezőn.
He carried a bag of turf into the kitchen.
Old turf fires are common in that village.
We saw stacks of turf beside the road.
Význam
peat block used as fuel
Kolokace
cut turf
|stacked turf
|turf fire
|load of turf
|burning turf
|bag of turf
Synonyma
peat (General word for the organic material; "turf" here is specifically the cut fuel pieces, and is regionally marked (e.g., Ireland).)
Antonyma
coal (Another solid fuel; functionally similar but made from different material, sometimes contrasted with turf in rural contexts.)
Témata
energy
|rural_life
|nature
|daily_life
Definice
A block of dark, wet earth (peat) that is cut, dried, and then burned for heat.
A block or piece of peat cut from the ground and dried to be burned as fuel, especially in some rural and regional varieties of English.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
turf
IPA
GB/tˈɚf/
US/tˈɚf/
Slabiky a přízvuk
turf (1 slabika)
Stress on 1st syllable (turf)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: turf
- Plural: turf, turfs, turves
Verb
- Base: turf
- 3rd Person Singular: turfs
- Present Participle: turfing
- Past: turfed
Příbuzná slova
Forms
turfs
noun
turves
noun
turfing
verb
turfed
verb
Related words
turfgrass
noun
Advanced or less common
turfy
adjective
Výrazy
home turf
1/hˈoʊm tˈɚf/
fixed phrase
place where you feel strongest
A place or area where someone feels comfortable and strong because they know it well or control it.
Příklady
- The team is hard to beat on their home turf.
- The interview was held on his home turf, in his own office.
- She prefers to negotiate on home turf, where she knows everyone.
on someone's turf
2/ˈɔn sˈʌmwˌʌnz tˈɚf/
fixed phrase
informal
in another's territory or field
In a place or area of activity that another person or group controls or knows best.
Příklady
- We were negotiating on their turf, not ours.
- Be careful what you say; you’re on the boss’s turf here.
- The visiting team looked nervous playing on their rivals’ turf.
turf someone off
3/tˈɚf sˈʌmwˌʌn ˈɔf/
phrasal verb
informal
remove someone from a group
To stop someone being part of a team, activity, or list, usually suddenly and without kindness.
Příklady
- They turfed him off the committee after he missed too many meetings.
- She was turfed off the course for cheating.
- Several players were turfed off the squad before the final game.
turf someone out
4/tˈɚf sˈʌmwˌʌn ˈaʊt/
phrasal verb
informal
force a person to leave
To make someone leave a place or job, usually suddenly and not kindly.
Příklady
- The club turfed him out after the argument.
- If you keep causing trouble, they’ll turf you out of the flat.
- She was turfed out of her position with no warning.
turf war
5/tˈɚf wˈɔɹ/
idiom
conflict over control of territory
A fight or strong competition between groups who both want to control the same place or area of business.
Příklady
- Police say the shootings are part of a turf war between rival gangs.
- The merger triggered a turf war between departments inside the company.
- Local politicians are engaged in a quiet turf war over funding.