barbarous
gb/bˈɑɹbɚəs/ us/bˈɑɹbɚəs/
C1
Angličtina
~ 25900
Významy
0 významů
adjective
formal
C1
property
1
extremely cruel and brutal
Very, very cruel and violent, in a way that seems not human.
Vzorec užití:
barbarous [act/crime/treatment/regime] toward [someone]
Častá chyba:
Learners often confuse "barbarous" with the more common word "barbaric". In modern English, "barbaric" is used more frequently in this sense, and "barbarous" sounds more formal or literary. Both usually collocate with words like "act", "crime", and "treatment".
Synonyma
brutal (More common in everyday English; slightly broader and less formal than "barbarous".)
|
savage (Adds a sense of wild, uncontrolled cruelty; can sound more emotional or dramatic.)
|
inhuman (Focuses on the cruelty being worse than what a human should be capable of, not just violent.)
Antonyma
humane (Emphasizes kindness and care in the treatment of people or animals, the opposite of cruel and violent.)
|
civilized (Suggests behavior controlled by moral and social standards, not shockingly cruel or violent.)
Kolokace
barbarous act
|barbarous crime
|barbarous treatment
|barbarous regime
|barbarous practice
|barbarous attack
Témata
violence
|law
|politics
|morality
|emotions
Příklady
- The dictator was condemned for his barbarous treatment of political prisoners.
- Animal rights groups protested the barbarous slaughter of the captured whales.
- History books describe the battle as a barbarous massacre of unarmed villagers.
- Such barbarous acts against civilians may constitute war crimes under international law.
- The film shows the barbarous conditions inside the secret prison camp.
Učební příklady
- The soldiers carried out a barbarous attack on the village.
- The judge called the crime a barbarous act.
- Many people were shocked by the barbarous treatment of the prisoners.
- The report shows the barbarous way the animals were killed.
- They want new laws to stop such barbarous practices.
adjective
literary
C2
property
2
uncivilized or culturally primitive
Seen as not civilized or not developed in culture or manners; this use can be offensive when talking about people.
Vzorec užití:
barbarous [customs/tribes/age/manners]
Častá chyba:
Learners may not realize that calling a people or culture "barbarous" is usually insulting and old-fashioned. In modern English, this sense appears mostly in historical writing or when criticizing older attitudes.
Synonyma
uncivilized (Close in meaning; more common but can also be offensive when used for people or cultures.)
|
primitive (Focuses more on a low level of technological or social development; also potentially offensive about people.)
|
rough (Less strong and less judgmental; suggests lacking refinement rather than being wholly uncivilized.)
Antonyma
civilized (Suggests having developed social rules, culture, and order, the opposite of being seen as culturally primitive.)
|
cultivated (Adds an idea of refined tastes and good manners, opposite of rough or uncultured.)
Kolokace
barbarous age
|barbarous customs
|barbarous tribes
|barbarous manners
|barbarous times
Témata
culture
|history
|society
|core_vocabulary
|relationships
Příklady
- The novel is set in what the narrator calls a barbarous age before the rule of law was established.
- Travel writers of the time often described local customs as barbarous, reflecting their own cultural bias.
- From our modern perspective, many medieval punishments seem barbarous and superstitious.
- He spoke with disdain of what he saw as the barbarous manners of the invading army.
- Old textbooks sometimes portrayed non-European societies as barbarous, a view now strongly rejected.
Učební příklady
- People in the past sometimes called other cultures barbarous.
- Many laws from the Middle Ages now seem barbarous.
- Some writers used to see foreign customs as barbarous.
- The book talks about a barbarous time before modern life.
- This word can sound rude when you call a group barbarous.
adjective
literary
C2
property
3
harsh, rough, or unpleasant-sounding
Very rough and hard to listen to, especially about sounds, voices, or music.
Vzorec užití:
a barbarous [noise/accent/music/voice]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes assume "barbarous" always refers to people or behavior. In this sense, it describes the quality of a sound (noise, accent, music), not moral cruelty.
Synonyma
harsh (Common, neutral word for unpleasant sound; "barbarous" is stronger and more literary.)
|
grating (Focuses even more on the irritating, scratchy quality of a sound.)
Antonyma
melodious (Describes sounds that are musical and pleasant to hear, the opposite of harsh and rough.)
|
soft (Highlights gentleness or smoothness of sound, contrasting with roughness.)
Kolokace
barbarous noise
|barbarous accent
|barbarous music
|barbarous sound
|barbarous shout
Témata
sound
|language
|art
|communication
|arts_entertainment
Příklady
- The barbarous noise from the construction site made it impossible to concentrate.
- She winced at the barbarous accent with which he mangled her native language.
- A barbarous clash of drums and horns filled the narrow street.
- To his refined ear, the out-of-tune piano produced a truly barbarous sound.
- The critic dismissed the piece as little more than a barbarous roar of instruments.
Učební příklady
- A barbarous noise came from the factory all night.
- The old car made a barbarous sound when it started.
- He spoke in a barbarous accent that was hard to understand.
- The music was loud and barbarous to my ears.
- We closed the window to stop the barbarous noise.
adjective
formal
C2
property
4
crude or incorrect in language
Very bad or wrong in grammar or style, not following normal or educated language rules.
Vzorec užití:
barbarous [English/construction/phrase/style]
Častá chyba:
Learners may think this sense always relates to moral judgment, but here "barbarous" is about the quality of language or style. It is quite formal, and in everyday English people more often say "bad English" or "ungrammatical".
Synonyma
ungrammatical (Focuses exactly on breaking grammar rules; less emotional and more technical than "barbarous".)
|
clumsy (Suggests awkward or poorly expressed language, but not always as strongly negative.)
|
vulgar (Can imply language that is low, crude, or lacking in refinement; sometimes about bad taste rather than pure correctness.)
Antonyma
elegant (Suggests language that is not only correct but also refined and pleasing in style.)
Kolokace
barbarous English
|barbarous construction
|barbarous phrase
|barbarous style
|barbarous grammar
Témata
language
|education
|communication
Příklady
- The professor described the sentence as a barbarous construction that no native speaker would use.
- He apologized for his barbarous English in the early drafts of the report.
- To modern readers, some of the translator's choices now seem barbarous and heavy-handed.
- Critics attacked the new slogan as both barbarous in style and empty in meaning.
- The editor patiently corrected the barbarous grammar throughout the manuscript.
Učební příklady
- She said my first sentence was barbarous English.
- The teacher crossed out a barbarous phrase in my essay.
- Some people think text messages are full of barbarous grammar.
- He spoke good words but in a barbarous style.
- The editor fixed many barbarous constructions in the book.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
barbarous
IPA
GB/bˈɑɹbɚəs/
US/bˈɑɹbɚəs/
Slabiky a přízvuk
bar - ous (2 slabiky)
Stress on 1st syllable (bar)
Tvary slova
Adjective
- Base: barbarous
Příbuzná slova
Core family
barbaric
adjective
barbarian
noun B2
Related words
barbarity
noun
barbarously
adverb
Negative and opposite forms
civilized
adjective
Advanced or less common
barbarism
noun
Výrazy
barbarous act
1/bˈɑɹbɚəs ˈækt/
fixed phrase
formal
an extremely cruel action
A very, very cruel thing that someone does.
Příklady
- The bombing of the school was condemned worldwide as a barbarous act.
- Leaders from many countries called the attack a barbarous act against innocent civilians.
barbarous crime
1/bˈɑɹbɚəs kɹˈaɪm/
fixed phrase
formal
an extremely cruel crime
A crime that is very cruel and violent in a shocking way.
Příklady
- The judge described the murder as a barbarous crime that deserved the maximum sentence.
- Newspapers reported every detail of the barbarous crime, horrifying their readers.
barbarous regime
1/bˈɑɹbɚəs ɹɪʒˈim/
fixed phrase
formal
extremely cruel government
A government that rules in a very cruel and violent way.
Příklady
- The international community imposed sanctions on the barbarous regime.
- Thousands fled the country to escape the barbarous regime in power.
barbarous treatment
1/bˈɑɹbɚəs tɹˈitmənt/
fixed phrase
formal
extremely cruel treatment
A way of treating a person or animal that is very cruel and not human.
Příklady
- Human rights groups criticized the barbarous treatment of detainees in the prison.
- The documentary exposed the barbarous treatment of animals on some farms.