borrowing
gb/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ/ us/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ/
A2
Angličtina
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
B1
process
1
Getting money as a loan
getting money that you must pay back later
Vzorec užití:
borrowing [money/funds] from [a bank/lender]
Častá chyba:
Do not confuse borrow and lend: borrowers borrow from lenders; lenders lend to borrowers.
Synonyma
taking out a loan (more explicit and informal for arranging a loan)
|
financing (broader; can include other ways of raising money)
Antonyma
lending (the opposite side of the same transaction)
|
repayment (paying the money back rather than receiving it)
Kolokace
personal borrowing
|consumer borrowing
|corporate borrowing
|mortgage borrowing
|short-term borrowing
|heavy borrowing
|new borrowing
|borrowing costs
|borrowing needs
|bank borrowing
Témata
money
|banking
|finance
|business
Příklady
- High interest rates have discouraged borrowing by first-time buyers.
- The startup relied on borrowing to cover its early operating costs.
- Before any borrowing, compare the interest rate and fees from several lenders.
Učební příklady
- Borrowing money can be expensive.
- The family avoided borrowing from the bank.
Podstatné jméno
business
B2
quantity
2
Money owed from loans
money that has been borrowed and must be paid back
Vzorec užití:
[someone's/something's] borrowing(s)
Častá chyba:
In finance, borrowings often means the total amount of debt, not the act of borrowing.
Synonyma
debt (more general and common for money owed)
|
liabilities (an accounting term for financial obligations)
Antonyma
assets (things owned, rather than money owed)
|
savings (money kept or accumulated, not borrowed)
Kolokace
total borrowings
|net borrowing
|government borrowing
|public borrowing
|company borrowings
|short-term borrowings
|long-term borrowings
|outstanding borrowings
|external borrowing
|reduce borrowing
Témata
money
|finance
|accounting
|business
|government
Příklady
- The company's borrowings increased to nearly $2 million last year.
- Higher tax revenues reduced the need for new borrowing.
- The annual report lists all outstanding borrowings at the end of the financial year.
Učební příklady
- The business has large borrowings.
- The city wants to reduce its borrowing.
Podstatné jméno
A2
action
3
Temporary use of someone else's thing
using something that is not yours and giving it back later
Vzorec užití:
borrowing [something] from [someone/place]
Častá chyba:
Use borrow from, not borrow to: I borrowed a pen from Ana. Ana lent a pen to me.
Synonyma
taking on loan (more formal and explicit)
|
using temporarily (does not always imply permission or a duty to return)
Antonyma
lending (giving something temporarily for someone else to use)
|
returning (giving the borrowed thing back)
Kolokace
borrowing books
|borrowing equipment
|borrowing tools
|borrowing a car
|library borrowing
|borrowing privileges
|borrowing period
|temporary borrowing
|unauthorized borrowing
Témata
daily_life
|sharing
|ownership
Příklady
- Borrowing tools from neighbors can save money, but you should return them quickly.
- The library app tracks borrowing and returns for each user.
- Borrowing your roommate's clothes without asking can cause problems.
Učební příklady
- Borrowing books from the library is free.
- Ask before borrowing my phone.
Podstatné jméno
technical
C1
entity
4
Loanword or imported language feature
a word or language feature taken from another language
Vzorec užití:
a borrowing from [a language]
Častá chyba:
A borrowing in linguistics is not money; it means a language item taken from another language.
Synonyma
loanword (usually refers specifically to a borrowed word)
|
loan (technical term for a borrowed language item)
Antonyma
native word (a word that developed within the language)
|
coinage (a newly created word rather than a borrowed one)
Kolokace
linguistic borrowing
|lexical borrowing
|French borrowing
|English borrowing
|direct borrowing
|early borrowing
|semantic borrowing
|phonological borrowing
Témata
language
|linguistics
|vocabulary
Příklady
- The word ballet is a borrowing from French.
- English contains many borrowings from French, Latin, and Norse.
- Some borrowings keep their original pronunciation for a long time.
Učební příklady
- Piano is a borrowing from Italian.
- English has many borrowings.
Podstatné jméno
B2
process
5
Adopting ideas or styles
using an idea or style from another person, culture, or tradition
Vzorec užití:
borrowing from [a source]; borrowing of [an idea/style]
Častá chyba:
Borrowing can be neutral or approved; plagiarism means dishonest copying without proper credit.
Synonyma
adoption (neutral; emphasizes taking something up for use)
|
appropriation (often suggests unfair or insensitive taking, especially from a culture)
|
influence (less direct than borrowing)
Antonyma
originality (creating something new rather than taking from another source)
|
invention (making something new rather than adapting what exists)
Kolokace
cultural borrowing
|artistic borrowing
|creative borrowing
|stylistic borrowing
|heavy borrowing
|direct borrowing
|unacknowledged borrowing
|borrowing from tradition
Témata
creativity
|culture
|art
|ideas
Příklady
- The film's borrowing from comic books is clear in its colors and camera angles.
- Her music shows creative borrowing from jazz and West African rhythms.
- Critics argued that the design crossed the line from borrowing into copying.
Učební příklady
- The artist's borrowing from old posters is easy to see.
- Borrowing ideas is acceptable if you give credit.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
borrowing
IPA
GB/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ/
US/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ/
Slabiky a přízvuk
bor - row - ing (3 slabiky)
Stress on 1st syllable (bor)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: borrowing
- Plural: borrowing, borrowings
Výrazy
borrowing costs
1/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ kˈɔsts/
fixed phrase
business
Interest and fees on loans
the extra money you pay when you borrow money
Příklady
- The central bank raised rates, increasing borrowing costs for households.
- Lower borrowing costs made it easier for the company to invest.
- Rising borrowing costs have slowed the housing market.
borrowing limit
1/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ lˈɪmɪt/
fixed phrase
Maximum allowed borrowing
the most you are allowed to borrow
Příklady
- The credit card has a borrowing limit of $5,000.
- Students can request a higher library borrowing limit.
- The new rules set a strict borrowing limit for local councils.
borrowing power
1/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ pˈaʊɚ/
fixed phrase
business
Ability to borrow money
how much money someone can borrow
Příklady
- A larger down payment can increase your borrowing power.
- The merger strengthened the firm's borrowing power with banks.
- Missed payments can reduce your borrowing power for years.
borrowing rate
1/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ ɹˈeɪt/
fixed phrase
business
Interest rate on borrowed money
the interest rate you pay when you borrow money
Příklady
- Their borrowing rate fell after the company's credit rating improved.
- Mortgage borrowing rates are higher than they were last year.
- The bank offered a lower borrowing rate to customers with strong credit.
cultural borrowing
1/kˈʌlt͡ʃɚəl bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ/
fixed phrase
Adopting from another culture
using ideas, styles, or customs from another culture
Příklady
- The festival reflects centuries of cultural borrowing between neighboring communities.
- Designers often use cultural borrowing, but they should understand and credit their sources.
- The restaurant's menu shows cultural borrowing without simply copying one tradition.
government borrowing
1/ɡˈʌvɚnmənt bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ/
fixed phrase
business
Money borrowed by government
money the government borrows to pay for public spending
Příklady
- Government borrowing rose sharply during the recession.
- The finance minister promised to reduce government borrowing over the next three years.
- Higher tax receipts helped keep government borrowing below forecasts.
lexical borrowing
1/lˈɛksɪkəl bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ/
fixed phrase
technical
Words taken from another language
when one language takes words from another language
Příklady
- Sushi in English is an example of lexical borrowing from Japanese.
- Lexical borrowing often happens when communities trade or live close together.
- The study compares lexical borrowing in Spanish and Tagalog.