bureaucracy
gb/bjʊɹˈɑkɹəsi/ us/bjʊɹˈɑkɹəsi/
B2
Angličtina
~ 6400
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
B2
entity
1
overly complex administrative system
A system in a government or large company where there are too many rules and forms, so everything is slow and difficult.
Vzorec užití:
[someone] struggles with [bureaucracy]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes use *bureaucracy* when they only mean one piece of paperwork (for example, saying *I filled out a bureaucracy*). Use *form*, *document*, or *paperwork* for individual items, and *bureaucracy* for the whole slow system of rules and offices.
Synonyma
red tape (Focuses more on the rules and paperwork themselves; slightly more informal and vivid than 'bureaucracy'.)
Antonyma
efficiency (Describes a system that works quickly and smoothly, without the delays and complexity of bureaucracy.)
Kolokace
layers of bureaucracy
|endless bureaucracy
|bureaucracy and red tape
|cut through the bureaucracy
|bloated bureaucracy
|faceless bureaucracy
Témata
politics
|work
|society
|business
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- Starting a small business can be hard because of all the bureaucracy involved.
- They got lost in the hospital’s bureaucracy and waited weeks for an appointment.
- The reform aims to reduce bureaucracy and make public services faster.
- Foreign students often complain about the visa bureaucracy in that country.
- He left the company, tired of the internal bureaucracy that blocked every new idea.
Učební příklady
- I hate the bureaucracy at the immigration office.
- Because of the city’s bureaucracy, the project started very late.
- The new manager wants to cut the bureaucracy in our office.
- There is too much bureaucracy when you apply for a visa.
- People are angry about the slow government bureaucracy.
Podstatné jméno
C1
entity
2
system of government administration
The way a government or large organization is organized, with many offices and workers who follow official rules.
Vzorec užití:
[something] is run by [bureaucracy]
Častá chyba:
Learners may think *bureaucracy* always has a negative meaning. In academic or formal writing, it can also be neutral, simply naming the administrative system of a state or organization.
Synonyma
administration (More general and slightly more positive; often used for the managing system itself, not emphasizing the formal structure as strongly as 'bureaucracy'.)
Antonyma
anarchy (Describes a situation with no recognized system of government or formal administration, the opposite of an organized bureaucracy.)
Kolokace
government bureaucracy
|state bureaucracy
|public bureaucracy
|corporate bureaucracy
|centralized bureaucracy
|modern bureaucracy
Témata
politics
|business
|law
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- Modern states rely on a complex bureaucracy to provide public services.
- The company’s bureaucracy grew as it expanded into new markets.
- A strong bureaucracy can help ensure that laws are applied fairly.
- The colonial bureaucracy was designed to control resources and people.
- Digital tools are changing how traditional bureaucracy operates.
Učební příklady
- Every large country needs some kind of bureaucracy.
- The school bureaucracy decides how money is used.
- In this company, the bureaucracy is very formal and strict.
- The city’s bureaucracy is responsible for water and electricity.
- He studies how the government bureaucracy works.
Podstatné jméno
formal
C1
entity
3
officials who run the system
All the people who work in government offices or big organizations and do the daily office work to run the system.
Vzorec užití:
[someone] criticizes [the bureaucracy]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes confuse *bureaucracy* (the group of officials) with *office* or *government*. *Bureaucracy* here means the body of officials as a whole, not one office building or the political leaders.
Synonyma
civil service (Neutral and formal; focuses on government employees, especially non-political staff, without the negative tone that 'bureaucracy' often has.)
Antonyma
elected officials (Refers to politicians chosen by voters, contrasted with the non-elected staff that make up the bureaucracy.)
Kolokace
the federal bureaucracy
|the Brussels bureaucracy
|the Washington bureaucracy
|the party bureaucracy
|the local bureaucracy
|the state bureaucracy
Témata
politics
|society
|business
|work
Příklady
- The new president promised to reform the federal bureaucracy.
- Some argue that the Brussels bureaucracy is too distant from ordinary citizens.
- Powerful interests can influence the bureaucracy behind the scenes.
- Over time, the party bureaucracy became more important than its elected leaders.
- She spent her career working inside the state bureaucracy.
Učební příklady
- Many people blame the bureaucracy for slow change.
- The national bureaucracy employs thousands of workers.
- He wants the bureaucracy to listen more to the public.
- The local bureaucracy controls many small decisions in our town.
- Some politicians fight with the bureaucracy instead of working with it.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
bureaucracy
IPA
GB/bjʊɹˈɑkɹəsi/
US/bjʊɹˈɑkɹəsi/
Slabiky a přízvuk
bur - eau - cracy (3 slabiky)
Stress on 2nd syllable (eau)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: bureaucracy
- Plural: bureaucracies, bureaucracy
Příbuzná slova
Forms
bureaucracies
noun
Core family
bureaucrat
noun B2
bureaucratic
adjective B2
Related words
bureaucratically
adverb C1
Negative and opposite forms
unbureaucratic
adjective
Advanced or less common
bureaucratize
verb
bureaucratization
noun C2
Výrazy
bloated bureaucracy
1/blˈoʊtɪd bjʊɹˈɑkɹəsi/
fixed phrase
unnecessarily large bureaucracy
A bureaucracy that has too many workers, offices, or rules, and is bigger than it needs to be.
Příklady
- Critics say the ministry has become a bloated bureaucracy.
- Taxpayers are tired of paying for a bloated bureaucracy.
- The report blames the company’s losses on its bloated bureaucracy.
bureaucracy and red tape
1/bjʊɹˈɑkɹəsi ˈænd ɹˈɛd tˈeɪp/
fixed phrase
bureaucracy plus excessive paperwork
A slow system with many offices plus too many rules and forms.
Příklady
- Small businesses struggle with bureaucracy and red tape.
- The new policy is meant to cut bureaucracy and red tape.
- International students often complain about all the bureaucracy and red tape.
corporate bureaucracy
1/kˈɔɹpɚɪt bjʊɹˈɑkɹəsi/
fixed phrase
administration of a large company
The many rules, offices, and managers inside a big company that control how things are done.
Příklady
- Innovation often slows down in a culture of heavy corporate bureaucracy.
- She left the firm, frustrated by the corporate bureaucracy.
- Startups usually have less corporate bureaucracy than big companies.
cut through the bureaucracy
1/kˈʌt θɹˈu ðə bjʊɹˈɑkɹəsi/
idiom
deal with bureaucracy quickly
To manage or skip some of the slow rules and steps so that something can be done faster in a system with a lot of bureaucracy.
Příklady
- A good lawyer can help you cut through the bureaucracy when applying for residency.
- The new online system is meant to cut through the bureaucracy and speed up approvals.
- Her assistant handled the paperwork and cut through the bureaucracy for her.
faceless bureaucracy
1/fˈeɪsləs bjʊɹˈɑkɹəsi/
fixed phrase
impersonal, unresponsive bureaucracy
A bureaucracy that feels cold and impersonal, where you do not know who is making decisions.
Příklady
- Citizens feel they are dealing with a faceless bureaucracy rather than real people.
- He spent months fighting a faceless bureaucracy to correct the error.
- The book tells the story of one man against a faceless bureaucracy.
government bureaucracy
1/ɡˈʌvɚnmənt bjʊɹˈɑkɹəsi/
fixed phrase
administration of a government
The system and workers that run a government’s offices and services.
Příklady
- Many people feel that government bureaucracy is too slow and expensive.
- The reforms aim to modernize the government bureaucracy.
- She spent years studying the history of French government bureaucracy.
layers of bureaucracy
1/lˈeɪɚz əv bjʊɹˈɑkɹəsi/
fixed phrase
many levels of bureaucracy
Many different levels of offices, managers, and rules that you must go through to get something done.
Příklady
- The project was delayed by multiple layers of bureaucracy.
- Citizens have to go through layers of bureaucracy just to change their address.
- Fewer layers of bureaucracy would make the agency more responsive.
streamline the bureaucracy
1/stɹˈimlˌaɪn ðə bjʊɹˈɑkɹəsi/
fixed phrase
make bureaucracy simpler and faster
To make a bureaucracy simpler and faster by removing unnecessary steps, offices, or rules.
Příklady
- The minister promised to streamline the bureaucracy to attract investors.
- They hired consultants to streamline the bureaucracy at headquarters.
- One goal of the reform is to streamline the bureaucracy in public hospitals.