confinement
gb/kənfˈaɪnmənt/ us/kənfˈaɪnmənt/
B2
Angličtina
~ 7100
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
formal
B2
state
1
imprisonment or official detention
The state of being kept in prison or another locked place by the police or government, usually as punishment.
Vzorec užití:
be in confinement / place [someone] in confinement
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes use *confinement* when they mean a general limit or rule, where *restriction* or *limit* would be better (e.g., saying "speed confinement" instead of "speed limit"). They may also confuse *confinement* (usually uncountable in this sense) with *a prison* (countable): say "He was kept in confinement," not "He was kept in a confinement" when you mean the general state of imprisonment.
Synonyma
imprisonment (The most direct legal term; very close in meaning but slightly more common in everyday news than "confinement" on its own.)
|
detention (Broader and slightly less strong; can refer to being held by authorities without necessarily being in a long-term prison sentence.)
Antonyma
freedom (Highlights the lack of physical and legal restriction that exists when someone is not imprisoned.)
|
release (Refers specifically to the act or state of being set free from confinement or imprisonment.)
Kolokace
solitary confinement
|in confinement
|close confinement
|years of confinement
|released from confinement
Témata
law
|crime
|politics
Příklady
- The journalist spent three months in confinement before the court finally cleared her name.
- After the riot, several inmates were placed in confinement for their role in the violence.
- He sued the state, claiming that his years of solitary confinement amounted to cruel and unusual punishment.
- The report described the conditions of confinement in overcrowded local jails.
- Military confinement can be ordered for soldiers who refuse lawful commands.
Učební příklady
- The prisoner was kept in confinement for ten years.
- He was put in confinement after the trial.
- She fears she will die in confinement if she is sent back to that prison.
- The judge ordered confinement instead of a fine.
- He hopes to gain his freedom after many years of confinement.
Podstatné jméno
B2
state
2
state of restricted movement
A situation where a person or animal must stay in one place or a small space and cannot move around freely.
Vzorec užití:
be in confinement / long periods of confinement
Častá chyba:
Learners may overuse *confinement* for everyday small limits (e.g., "the confinement of school rules"), where native speakers would normally say *restrictions* or *rules*. *Confinement* usually suggests a stronger, more physical limit on movement, lasting for some time.
Synonyma
restriction (General word for limits; does not always imply physical space, while "confinement" strongly suggests limited space or movement.)
|
isolation (Focuses more on being separated from people; "confinement" focuses more on the physical limits on movement, but the two often overlap (for example in quarantine).)
Antonyma
freedom of movement (Emphasizes the ability to go where you want, which confinement removes.)
|
mobility (Focuses on being able to move around easily, the opposite of being confined to a small space.)
Kolokace
home confinement
|long periods of confinement
|strict confinement
|confinement indoors
|kept in confinement
Témata
daily life
|health
|emotions
|daily_life
Příklady
- Months of home confinement during the pandemic had a serious impact on many people's mental health.
- The animal rights group argued that keeping the tigers in such small cages was cruel confinement.
- For people in wheelchairs, social events that involve long confinement in one seat can be exhausting.
- The astronaut described the psychological challenges of confinement on a small spacecraft.
- After surgery, she found the confinement to her bedroom harder than the pain itself.
Učební příklady
- The long confinement at home made him feel very lonely.
- The dog became stressed after days of confinement in a small room.
- She did not enjoy the confinement of working in a tiny office.
- Because of the storm, the children had two days of confinement indoors.
- He hates the confinement of long plane trips.
Podstatné jméno
archaic
C1
event
3
time of childbirth and recovery
An old word for the time when a woman has a baby and stays in bed or at home to rest before and after the birth.
Vzorec užití:
during her confinement / after her confinement
Častá chyba:
Learners may wrongly use this meaning in modern speech (e.g., "She is in confinement" to mean "She is in labor"). This sounds old-fashioned or confusing; use *in labor*, *giving birth*, or *after the birth* instead in contemporary English.
Synonyma
childbirth (More common modern word; focuses on the act of giving birth, while "confinement" also includes the resting period around it.)
Antonyma
pregnancy (Refers to the period before birth; in older texts, "pregnancy" ends when "confinement" begins, so they mark opposite stages in time.)
Kolokace
her confinement
|during her confinement
|before her confinement
|after her confinement
Témata
family
|health
|body
Příklady
- In the old novel, she is described as weak and pale during her confinement.
- Historically, women from wealthy families often spent weeks in bed after their confinement.
- Medical care during a woman's confinement was very different a century ago.
- The diary mentions that several visitors called during her confinement to see the baby.
- She returned to social life only months after her confinement, which was unusual for the time.
Učební příklady
- In some old books, a woman stays in bed during her confinement.
- The word "confinement" for birth is not common in modern English.
- Her confinement lasted several weeks, according to the old letter.
- Doctors used to visit women at home during their confinement.
- Today we usually say "childbirth" instead of "confinement."
Podstatné jméno
technical
C2
state
4
containment of particles or plasma
In physics, a situation where very small particles or hot gas are kept in one area and cannot get out, usually by strong forces or magnetic fields.
Vzorec užití:
achieve good confinement / improve confinement of [particles]
Častá chyba:
Learners might confuse everyday "confinement" (prison, being stuck indoors) with this technical, physics use. In scientific writing, the meaning should be clear from context (e.g., words like *plasma*, *magnetic*, *quark* around it).
Synonyma
containment (A more general technical word; "confinement" is often used in specific physics fields such as plasma or particle physics.)
Antonyma
escape (Refers to particles or energy leaving the region where they were confined, the opposite of successful confinement.)
Kolokace
magnetic confinement
|plasma confinement
|quark confinement
|energy confinement time
Témata
science
|technology
Příklady
- Magnetic confinement is a key challenge in the development of fusion reactors.
- Researchers are working to improve plasma confinement times in experimental tokamaks.
- Quark confinement is a fundamental feature of quantum chromodynamics.
- Poor confinement of the charged particles leads to significant energy losses.
- The new design offers better confinement without greatly increasing the reactor size.
Učební příklady
- Fusion power needs very strong confinement of hot plasma.
- Scientists study confinement of particles in special machines.
- Better confinement can make a fusion reactor more efficient.
- Quark confinement means quarks cannot exist alone.
- Magnetic fields are used for confinement in some reactors.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
confinement
IPA
GB/kənfˈaɪnmənt/
US/kənfˈaɪnmənt/
Slabiky a přízvuk
con - fine - ment (3 slabiky)
Stress on 2nd syllable (fine)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: confinement
- Plural: confinement, confinements
Příbuzná slova
Forms
confinements
noun
Core family
confine
verb B1
confined
adjective
Related words
confining
adjective
Negative and opposite forms
unconfined
adjective
Výrazy
close confinement
1/klˈoʊs kənfˈaɪnmənt/
fixed phrase
formal
very strict physical restriction
A situation where a person or animal must stay in a very small space and has almost no freedom to move.
Příklady
- The animals had been kept in close confinement and showed signs of stress.
- Prisoners in close confinement are allowed out of their cells for only one hour a day.
home confinement
1/hˈoʊm kənfˈaɪnmənt/
fixed phrase
formal
official order to stay at home
A legal or official rule that a person must stay in their home and cannot go out, except maybe for special reasons like work or medical visits.
Příklady
- Instead of jail time, the judge sentenced her to six months of home confinement.
- During the outbreak, many patients were placed under home confinement to stop the spread of the virus.
in confinement
1/ˈɪn kənfˈaɪnmənt/
fixed phrase
formal
in a state of imprisonment
Kept in prison or another locked place and not allowed to go free.
Příklady
- He has been in confinement for over a year without trial.
- The report describes how political prisoners are kept in confinement with almost no human contact.
period of confinement
1/pˈɪɹiəd əv kənfˈaɪnmənt/
fixed phrase
archaic
time around childbirth with rest
An old phrase for the time when a woman gives birth and then stays at home to rest for some weeks.
Příklady
- In the letters, she writes that her sister is recovering well after her period of confinement.
- The doctor visited regularly during her period of confinement to check on mother and baby.
solitary confinement
1/sˈɑlətˌɛɹi kənfˈaɪnmənt/
fixed phrase
formal
being imprisoned alone in a cell
A type of prison punishment where a person is kept alone in a small room and is not allowed to see or talk to other prisoners.
Příklady
- The court ruled that holding juveniles in solitary confinement for long periods was unconstitutional.
- He spent six months in solitary confinement after attacking a guard.
solitary confinement
2/sˈɑlətˌɛɹi kənfˈaɪnmənt/
fixed phrase
Prison isolation punishment
When someone in prison is kept alone in a cell as punishment or for safety.
Příklady
- The suspect was placed in solitary confinement for his own protection.
- Solitary confinement can cause mental health problems.