cumulative
gb/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv/ us/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv/
B2
Angličtina
~ 8600
Významy
0 významů
adjective
B2
property
1
increasing by adding over time
Growing step by step as more things are added to what came before.
Vzorec užití:
cumulative [noun]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes confuse "cumulative" with "continuous". "Continuous" means something does not stop, while "cumulative" means it gets bigger or stronger because more pieces are added over time. They also sometimes use it for a single, one‑time increase; it should describe a result of repeated additions.
Synonyma
growing (Emphasizes getting larger, but not specifically by repeated additions over time.)
|
additive (More technical; stresses that each new part is added on top of earlier parts.)
Antonyma
noncumulative (Used especially in technical or financial contexts where amounts do not add up over time.)
|
separate (Suggests items do not combine or build on each other.)
Kolokace
cumulative effect
|cumulative impact
|cumulative total
|cumulative increase
|cumulative exposure
|cumulative damage
Témata
math
|science
|business
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- The health risks from air pollution are cumulative, building up after years of exposure.
- Even small debts can have a serious cumulative effect on your finances.
- The company reported a cumulative loss of $5 million over three years.
- There is growing concern about the cumulative impact of plastic waste on the oceans.
- The study looked at the cumulative amount of time children spent on screens each week.
Učební příklady
- Stress at work can have a cumulative effect on your body.
- The snow did not melt, so the depth became cumulative over several days.
- He calculated the cumulative cost of eating out every day.
- The noise was not loud, but the cumulative sound from many machines was tiring.
- The chart shows the cumulative number of new customers each month.
adjective
B2
property
2
including all previous parts
Showing the total of everything so far, not just the most recent part.
Vzorec užití:
cumulative [noun]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes use "cumulative" when they only mean "last" or "recent". "Cumulative" should mean that the number or result includes everything up to this time, not just one part. They also confuse it with "average"; a cumulative score is a total, not necessarily divided by the number of items.
Synonyma
overall (Everyday word; less precise about the idea of including every earlier stage or unit.)
|
aggregate (More formal; often used in statistics and business to mean combined into one total.)
Antonyma
partial (Describes something that covers only some parts or a limited period, not everything so far.)
|
separate (Focuses on each part on its own, rather than on the combined result of all parts.)
Kolokace
cumulative score
|cumulative total
|cumulative grade point average
|cumulative data
|cumulative exam
|cumulative record
Témata
education
|statistics
|business
|time
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- Your cumulative score for the course will be based on all tests and assignments.
- The report shows the cumulative total of sales for the year to date.
- Her cumulative GPA puts her in the top 5% of the class.
- We analyzed the cumulative data from five different studies.
- The final exam is cumulative and will cover all the chapters we studied.
Učební příklady
- This website shows your cumulative steps for the week.
- The teacher wrote our cumulative points on the board.
- My cumulative grade is higher this semester than last semester.
- The app gives a cumulative total of money you saved.
- The last test was cumulative, so I had to review the whole book.
adjective
technical
C1
property
3
added punishment or requirement
Used especially in law to mean that one punishment or rule is extra, on top of another one, not instead of it.
Vzorec užití:
cumulative [noun]
Častá chyba:
Learners may think "cumulative sentence" simply means a "long" sentence. In legal English, it specifically means a sentence that is added on top of another sentence, so the times are added together.
Synonyma
additional (General word for something extra; does not clearly show the legal idea of adding on to an existing sentence.)
Antonyma
concurrent (In legal contexts, describes sentences that are served at the same time, not added one after another.)
Kolokace
cumulative sentence
|cumulative punishment
|cumulative penalty
|cumulative sanctions
Témata
law
|government
Příklady
- The judge imposed cumulative sentences for the three separate offenses.
- Under the new law, cumulative penalties may apply for repeated violations.
- He faced a cumulative prison term of ten years for several related crimes.
Učební příklady
- The court gave him two cumulative sentences.
- Cumulative punishment means one penalty is added to another.
- In this country, some crimes can bring cumulative jail time.
- The fines are cumulative if you break the rule many times.
- She worried about the cumulative penalties for late tax payments.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
cumulative
IPA
GB/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv/
US/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv/
Slabiky a přízvuk
cu - mu - lat - ive (4 slabiky)
Stress on 1st syllable (cu)
Tvary slova
Adjective
- Base: cumulative
Příbuzná slova
Core family
Related words
accumulator
noun
Negative and opposite forms
noncumulative
adjective
Advanced or less common
accumulative
adjective
Výrazy
cumulative data
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv dˈætə/
fixed phrase
data shown as running totals
Numbers or information that show totals up to a certain time, not just for one day or period.
Příklady
- The website publishes both daily and cumulative data on new cases.
- Cumulative data from several years helped them see long-term trends.
cumulative effect
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv ɪfˈɛkt/
fixed phrase
total result of many small effects
The final result that comes when many small things, changes, or actions add up over time.
Příklady
- The cumulative effect of years of poor sleep can be very serious.
- We are only now seeing the cumulative effect of climate change on local weather patterns.
cumulative exam
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv ɪɡzˈæm/
fixed phrase
exam covering all studied material
A test that includes questions from everything you have studied in the course, not only the last part.
Příklady
- The final is a cumulative exam, so start reviewing from the first chapter.
- Students were nervous because the cumulative exam covered all topics from the year.
cumulative impact
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv ˈɪmpækt/
fixed phrase
overall impact from repeated causes
The total impact that comes from many smaller impacts happening over time.
Příklady
- We must consider the cumulative impact of multiple construction projects on traffic.
- The cumulative impact of small policy changes can be greater than a single big reform.
cumulative risk
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv ɹˈɪsk/
fixed phrase
technical
total combined level of risk
The full level of risk when you look at all the different things that can harm you together.
Příklady
- Researchers studied the cumulative risk of different air pollutants on children.
- We need to understand the cumulative risk from diet, exercise, and genetic factors.
cumulative score
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv skˈɔɹ/
fixed phrase
sum of scores over time
The number you get when you add all of a person's or team's scores together over a period of time.
Příklady
- Their cumulative score after three rounds put them in first place.
- The app shows your cumulative score across all the quizzes you have taken.
cumulative sentence
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv sˈɛntəns/
fixed phrase
technical
prison terms served back-to-back
A prison sentence that is added on top of another sentence, so the person serves one and then the other.
Příklady
- The court imposed a cumulative sentence of eight years for the two offenses.
- He was given cumulative sentences rather than concurrent ones.
cumulative total
1/kjˈumjəlɪtɪv tˈoʊtəl/
fixed phrase
running total including all so far
A number that shows the full amount so far, after adding every earlier amount.
Příklady
- The chart displays the cumulative total of donations for the campaign.
- By June, the cumulative total of visitors to the museum had reached 100,000.