deficiency
gb/dɪfˈɪʃənsi/ us/dɪfˈɪʃənsi/
B2
Angličtina
~ 9100
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
formal
B2
state
1
a lack or shortage of something
A situation where there is not as much of something as is needed.
Vzorec užití:
a deficiency of [something] / a deficiency in [something]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes use "deficiency" when they should use a verb like "lack". For example, they may say "I deficiency money" instead of "I lack money" or "I have a deficiency of money" (formal). Also, "deficiency" is a countable noun in most uses: say "a deficiency in the system" or "several deficiencies", not just "*there is deficiency" without an article or quantity word.
Synonyma
shortage (More common in everyday speech and often sounds less formal than "deficiency".)
|
lack (Very general and informal; does not carry the slightly technical or official tone that "deficiency" can have.)
Antonyma
abundance (Suggests more than enough of something, the opposite of having too little.)
|
sufficiency (Focuses on having enough of something, directly contrasting with not having enough.)
Kolokace
deficiency of funds
|deficiency in housing
|deficiency in resources
|serious deficiency
|chronic deficiency
|identify a deficiency
Témata
general
|business
|society
|core_vocabulary
|daily_life
Příklady
- The report highlighted a serious deficiency of trained staff in rural schools.
- There is a clear deficiency in affordable housing in many major cities.
- The company faced a cash deficiency at the end of the quarter.
- A deficiency of clean water has created health risks in the region.
- The audit revealed several deficiencies in the organization’s safety procedures.
Učební příklady
- There is a deficiency of doctors in this small town.
- Many countries have a deficiency in clean drinking water.
- The school has a deficiency of basic books and computers.
- We need to fix the deficiency in our budget.
- The test showed a deficiency in his knowledge of history.
Podstatné jméno
technical
B2
state
2
medical lack of nutrient in body
A health problem that happens when the body does not have enough of an important vitamin, mineral, or other substance.
Vzorec užití:
a [vitamin/mineral] deficiency in [someone]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes say "*vitamins deficiency" instead of the correct "vitamin deficiency" or "deficiency of vitamins". They may also confuse "deficiency" with "disease" and say "*iron disease" when they mean "iron deficiency" or "iron deficiency anemia".
Synonyma
insufficiency (More technical and often used in medical writing, not just for nutrients but also for organs (e.g., "renal insufficiency").)
|
deprivation (Can describe going without necessary nutrients or things, but is broader and often focuses on living conditions rather than body chemistry.)
Antonyma
adequacy (In medical or nutritional contexts, refers to having enough of a nutrient.)
|
sufficiency (Indicates a level that meets the body’s needs, the opposite of a deficit.)
Kolokace
vitamin D deficiency
|iron deficiency
|nutritional deficiency
|iodine deficiency
|calcium deficiency
|deficiency disease
Témata
health
|medicine
|science
|body
Příklady
- Long-term vitamin D deficiency can lead to weak bones and an increased risk of fractures.
- Iron deficiency is one of the most common causes of anemia worldwide.
- The doctor ordered blood tests to check for any nutritional deficiencies.
- Iodine deficiency is still a major public health issue in some regions.
- Calcium deficiency during childhood may affect normal bone development.
Učební příklady
- The doctor said she has an iron deficiency.
- Vitamin C deficiency can make you feel very tired.
- He takes tablets to prevent vitamin D deficiency in winter.
- The test showed a serious vitamin B12 deficiency.
- Good food can help you avoid nutritional deficiencies.
Podstatné jméno
formal
C1
entity
3
weakness or fault in something
A problem or weak point in a person, plan, or thing that makes it less good or less effective.
Vzorec užití:
a deficiency in [skills/system/performance]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes confuse "deficiency" with "difference" and say things like "*a deficiency between the two results" when they mean "a difference". Also, they sometimes use it without showing what is weak, for example "*She has deficiency"; it is clearer and more natural to say "She has a deficiency in math" or "She has a math deficiency" in formal contexts.
Synonyma
shortcoming (Commonly used for faults in people or systems; slightly less formal in tone than "deficiency".)
|
weakness (Very general and informal; often used for personal abilities or character traits.)
Antonyma
strength (Refers to a strong or positive quality, the opposite of a weakness or deficiency.)
|
competence (Describes having the necessary ability or skill, opposite to having a deficiency in that skill.)
Kolokace
deficiency in performance
|deficiency in skills
|design deficiency
|serious deficiency
|major deficiency
|identify a deficiency
Témata
work
|education
|evaluation
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- The review found several deficiencies in the company’s training program.
- Her main deficiency as a manager is poor communication with her team.
- Engineers are working to correct a serious design deficiency in the bridge.
- The study pointed out deficiencies in the current legal framework.
- Students’ writing showed a clear deficiency in basic grammar skills.
Učební příklady
- The teacher talked about deficiencies in the students’ writing.
- There is a deficiency in his computer skills.
- The plan has some serious deficiencies.
- Her main deficiency is that she cannot work well in a team.
- The report shows a deficiency in safety procedures.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
deficiency
IPA
GB/dɪfˈɪʃənsi/
US/dɪfˈɪʃənsi/
Slabiky a přízvuk
de - fi - ciency (3 slabiky)
Stress on 2nd syllable (fi)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: deficiency
- Plural: deficiencies, deficiency
Příbuzná slova
Forms
deficiencies
noun
Core family
deficient
adjective B2
Related words
deficit
noun B2
deficiently
adverb C1
Negative and opposite forms
sufficient
adjective B1
sufficiency
noun
Výrazy
deficiency in
1/dɪfˈɪʃənsi ˈɪn/
fixed phrase
formal
a lack or weakness in something
Used to say that there is not enough of something, or that something is weak, in a particular area.
Příklady
- The test results show a deficiency in basic math skills.
- There is a serious deficiency in the way the system protects user data.
deficiency of
1/dɪfˈɪʃənsi əv/
fixed phrase
formal
a shortage of something named
Used to say that there is not enough of a particular thing.
Příklady
- A deficiency of clean water has led to many health problems in the area.
- The study points to a deficiency of reliable data on the subject.
iron deficiency
1/ˈaɪɚn dɪfˈɪʃənsi/
fixed phrase
not enough iron in the body
A condition where the body does not have enough iron, often causing anemia and tiredness.
Příklady
- Iron deficiency is a common reason why people feel weak and out of breath.
- The doctor gave her supplements to treat her iron deficiency.
nutritional deficiency
1/nutɹˈɪʃənəl dɪfˈɪʃənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
lack of a needed nutrient
A health problem that happens when your body does not get enough of a certain vitamin, mineral, or other nutrient.
Příklady
- Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide.
- Nutritional deficiencies are common in areas where people do not have access to fresh food.
- The doctor tested him for possible nutritional deficiencies.
- The doctor explained that her hair loss was caused by a nutritional deficiency.
vitamin deficiency
1/vˈaɪtəmən dɪfˈɪʃənsi/
fixed phrase
Not enough vitamins
A health problem that happens when your body does not get enough vitamins.
Příklady
- Night blindness can result from a vitamin A deficiency.
- Vitamin deficiency can cause tiredness, weak hair, and other health problems.
- The test confirmed a vitamin B12 deficiency.
- In many countries, vitamin A deficiency is still a serious issue for young children.