diffusion
gb/dɪfjˈuʒən/ us/dɪfjˈuʒən/
B2
Angličtina
~ 9100
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
formal
C1
event
1
gradual spread of ideas or things
The slow way that ideas, products, or information move and spread to more and more people or places.
Vzorec užití:
the diffusion of [something] among [people/places]
Častá chyba:
Learners often confuse "diffusion" with the verb or adjective "diffuse". "Diffusion" is a noun for the process of spreading, while "to diffuse" is the action and "diffuse" as an adjective means "spread out" or "not clear". Learners may also overuse "diffusion" in everyday speech where simple words like "spread" or "growth" are more natural.
Synonyma
spread (More general and common; less formal and not limited to technical or academic contexts.)
Antonyma
containment (Focuses on keeping something from spreading, the opposite of allowing diffusion.)
Kolokace
diffusion of innovation
|diffusion of responsibility
|rapid diffusion
|global diffusion
|cultural diffusion
|diffusion process
Témata
society
|technology
|business
|communication
|education
Příklady
- The rapid diffusion of smartphones has changed how people communicate around the world.
- Government policy played an important role in the diffusion of renewable energy technologies.
- Social media has accelerated the diffusion of political ideas across national borders.
- The report examines the diffusion of Western fashion trends into Asian markets.
- Researchers are studying the diffusion of health information through online communities.
Učební příklady
- The diffusion of the internet has made it easy to find news.
- They talked about the diffusion of new ideas in small towns.
- The diffusion of this app was very fast in our country.
- The book explains the diffusion of modern music across the world.
Podstatné jméno
technical
B2
event
2
particle mixing from high to low concentration
In science, the way tiny particles move from a place where there are many of them to a place where there are fewer of them, until they are spread out evenly.
Vzorec užití:
diffusion of [particles/substance] in [medium]
Častá chyba:
Learners often confuse "diffusion" with "osmosis". Osmosis is a special case of diffusion that involves water moving through a semi-permeable membrane, while diffusion is a more general process for any particles. Another mistake is using "diffusion" as a verb (e.g., *"the gas diffusions"*); the correct verb is "diffuse".
Synonyma
dispersion (Also refers to particles spreading out, but can be broader and is used in other scientific contexts such as optics.)
Antonyma
concentration (As a process, concentrating brings particles together into a smaller space, which is the opposite of diffusion spreading them out.)
Kolokace
molecular diffusion
|gas diffusion
|rate of diffusion
|diffusion coefficient
|diffusion in water
|Fickian diffusion
Témata
science
|chemistry
|physics
Příklady
- The smell of perfume spreading through a room is a simple example of gas diffusion.
- Temperature has a strong effect on the rate of diffusion of molecules in a liquid.
- According to Fick's law, the flux is proportional to the concentration gradient driving diffusion.
- In this experiment we measure the diffusion of dye molecules through a gel.
- Oxygen diffusion in the atmosphere is driven by random molecular motion.
Učební příklady
- Diffusion makes food color slowly spread in water.
- Heat speeds up the diffusion of gas in the air.
- We watched the diffusion of ink in a glass of water.
- Diffusion continues until the particles are spread evenly.
Podstatné jméno
technical
B2
event
3
movement across membranes in biology
In biology, the way small molecules move through or across cell membranes from where there are many of them to where there are fewer, without using energy.
Vzorec užití:
diffusion of [substance] across/through [membrane/tissue]
Častá chyba:
Learners may treat "diffusion" and "osmosis" as the same in biology, but osmosis specifically refers to water movement. Another common error is saying *"active diffusion"* for movement that uses energy; the correct term is "active transport", while diffusion itself is always passive.
Synonyma
passive transport (A broader biological term that includes diffusion and osmosis; diffusion is one type of passive transport.)
Antonyma
active transport (The biological process where substances move against their concentration gradient using energy, the opposite of passive diffusion.)
Kolokace
diffusion across the membrane
|oxygen diffusion
|carbon dioxide diffusion
|simple diffusion
|facilitated diffusion
|gas exchange by diffusion
Témata
biology
|medicine
|science
|body
Příklady
- Oxygen enters the blood in the lungs by diffusion across the thin alveolar walls.
- Simple diffusion allows small nonpolar molecules to cross the cell membrane without assistance.
- Facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins to help molecules move down their concentration gradient.
- In many tissues, gas exchange depends entirely on diffusion rather than active transport.
- The rate of diffusion across the membrane increases with a larger surface area.
Učební příklady
- Oxygen moves into our blood by diffusion in the lungs.
- Small molecules can cross the cell membrane by diffusion.
- No energy is needed for diffusion across the cell wall.
- Facilitated diffusion uses special proteins in the membrane.
Podstatné jméno
technical
B2
event
4
scattering to soften light or sound
In photography and sound, the way light or sound is spread and made softer by passing through or bouncing off something.
Vzorec užití:
diffusion of [light/sound] through [material/surface]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes confuse "diffusion" (a noun) with "diffuser" (a device that creates diffusion). Another mistake is using "diffusion" in place of common everyday words like "soft light" or "indirect light" in non-technical conversations.
Synonyma
softening (A more general term; it describes the effect but not the specific technical process of scattering light or sound.)
Antonyma
focusing (Bringing light or sound into a narrow, intense beam, which is the opposite of spreading it out through diffusion.)
Kolokace
soft light diffusion
|diffusion panel
|diffusion filter
|diffusion material
|sound diffusion
|diffusion screen
Témata
art
|technology
|media
|arts_entertainment
Příklady
- We used a large white sheet for diffusion of the light to create softer shadows.
- The cinematographer added more diffusion to reduce the harshness of the midday sun.
- Acoustic panels help with diffusion of sound, making the room feel more natural.
- This lens creates strong diffusion, giving the image a dreamy, glowing look.
- Proper diffusion is essential for flattering portrait lighting in the studio.
Učební příklady
- Clouds provide natural diffusion of sunlight.
- The photographer used diffusion to soften the light on her face.
- A thin white cloth can give good diffusion for video lights.
- Diffusion of sound made the music feel smoother in the room.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
diffusion
IPA
GB/dɪfjˈuʒən/
US/dɪfjˈuʒən/
Slabiky a přízvuk
dif - fu - sion (3 slabiky)
Stress on 2nd syllable (fu)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: diffusion
- Plural: diffusion, diffusions
Příbuzná slova
Forms
diffusions
noun
Core family
diffuse
verb C1
Related words
diffuser
noun
Advanced or less common
diffusive
adjective
diffusely
adverb
Výrazy
cultural diffusion
1/kˈʌlt͡ʃɚəl dɪfjˈuʒən/
fixed phrase
spread of cultural elements
The way culture, such as food, music, or beliefs, moves from one group of people or country to another.
Příklady
- Fast travel and the internet have increased cultural diffusion around the world.
- Sushi in Western countries is a clear example of cultural diffusion.
- The course explores cultural diffusion along ancient trade routes.
diffusion of innovation
1/dɪfjˈuʒən əv ˌɪnəvˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
formal
spread of new ideas or technologies
The way a new idea or product slowly becomes known and used by more and more people.
Příklady
- The diffusion of innovation model explains why some people adopt new technology earlier than others.
- Marketing teams study the diffusion of innovation to plan product launches.
- Social networks play a big role in the diffusion of innovation today.
diffusion of responsibility
1/dɪfjˈuʒən əv ɹispˌɑnsɪbˈɪləti/
fixed phrase
less personal responsibility in groups
When people in a group each feel less responsible for something because they think the others will take care of it.
Příklady
- In large teams, diffusion of responsibility can lead to important tasks being ignored.
- The bystander effect is often explained by diffusion of responsibility.
- Clear roles can help prevent diffusion of responsibility in group projects.
facilitated diffusion
1/fəsˈɪlɪtˌeɪtɪd dɪfjˈuʒən/
fixed phrase
technical
protein-aided diffusion across membranes
In biology, movement of molecules across a cell membrane from high to low concentration with the help of special proteins, but without using energy.
Příklady
- Glucose often enters cells by facilitated diffusion through carrier proteins.
- Facilitated diffusion is specific, because each protein helps only certain molecules.
- Unlike active transport, facilitated diffusion does not require ATP.
gas diffusion
1/ɡˈæs dɪfjˈuʒən/
fixed phrase
technical
mixing of gases by diffusion
The way different gases slowly mix together because their molecules move and spread out.
Příklady
- Gas diffusion causes the smell of smoke to spread through the building.
- The experiment demonstrates gas diffusion in a closed container.
- Gas diffusion in the lungs is essential for breathing.
light diffusion
1/lˈaɪt dɪfjˈuʒən/
fixed phrase
technical
soft, spread-out light
The way light is spread and made softer when it passes through or reflects off a material.
Příklady
- A softbox is designed for even light diffusion in studio photography.
- Clouds provide natural light diffusion on overcast days.
- We added fabric to improve light diffusion on the film set.
passive diffusion
1/pˈæsɪv dɪfjˈuʒən/
fixed phrase
technical
diffusion without energy use
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration that happens naturally and does not need energy from the cell.
Příklady
- Many drugs enter cells by passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer.
- Passive diffusion continues until the concentrations on both sides are equal.
- Temperature can greatly influence the rate of passive diffusion.
simple diffusion
1/sˈɪmpəl dɪfjˈuʒən/
fixed phrase
technical
direct diffusion through membranes
In biology, movement of small molecules across a cell membrane from high to low concentration, without help from proteins and without using energy.
Příklady
- Small nonpolar molecules like oxygen cross the membrane by simple diffusion.
- Simple diffusion does not require any special transport proteins.
- The rate of simple diffusion depends on the concentration gradient.