donor
gb/dˈoʊnɚ/ us/dˈoʊnɚ/
B2
Angličtina
~ 8000
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
B2
entity
1
person or group that gives money
A person or group that gives money or things to help a person, group, or cause and does not get paid back.
Vzorec užití:
a donor to [organization/cause]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes say *donator* instead of *donor*. *Donor* is the normal and much more common word. Another mistake is to use *donor* only for people, but organizations (like companies or foundations) can also be donors.
Synonyma
benefactor (More formal; often suggests generous support over time, especially for arts, education, or charities.)
|
contributor (More general; can refer to anyone who gives money, time, or ideas, not only in a charity context.)
|
patron (Often used for people who financially support the arts, creators, or businesses; can imply ongoing support.)
Antonyma
recipient (Focuses on the person or organization receiving the money or goods, the opposite role of the donor.)
|
beneficiary (Legal or formal term for the person or group that benefits from a donation or gift.)
Kolokace
major donor
|political donor
|campaign donor
|charitable donor
|corporate donor
|donor base
Témata
charity
|politics
|business
|finance
Příklady
- The museum relies on private donors to fund new exhibitions.
- Several major donors threatened to withdraw their support after the scandal.
- The charity sends regular updates to all of its donors.
- Political donors must report large contributions under the new law.
- An anonymous donor paid off the school’s entire lunch debt.
Učební příklady
- The hospital thanked every donor for their money.
- An anonymous donor gave a lot of money to the school.
- The animal shelter asked for new donors to help buy food.
- Many small donors can still give a big total amount.
- He is a regular donor to local charities.
Podstatné jméno
B2
entity
2
person giving blood or organs
A person who gives blood, an organ, or body tissue to help sick people or for medical study.
Vzorec užití:
a [blood/organ] donor for [patient/purpose]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes confuse *donor* with *patient*. In a transplant, the *donor* is the person who gives the organ or blood; the *recipient* is the patient who receives it. Another mistake is saying *blood donator* or *organ donator*; the natural term is *blood donor* or *organ donor*.
Synonyma
organ donor (More specific; refers only to someone who gives an organ such as a kidney, heart, or liver.)
|
blood donor (More specific; refers only to someone who gives blood.)
Antonyma
recipient (In medical contexts, the patient who receives the donated blood, organ, or tissue is called the recipient, the opposite side of the donation.)
Kolokace
organ donor
|blood donor
|bone marrow donor
|living donor
|donor organ
|donor registry
Témata
medicine
|health
|biology
|body
Příklady
- You can register as an organ donor when you renew your driver’s license.
- The hospital is urgently looking for a bone marrow donor who is a close match.
- Blood donors are offered a snack and a drink after they give blood.
- The kidney donor was a close relative of the patient.
- Thanks to a living donor, she received a transplant before her condition became critical.
Učební příklady
- My sister is a regular blood donor.
- He became an organ donor after his friend needed a transplant.
- The doctor said they must find a donor soon.
- Many people sign up to be donors on their ID cards.
- The donor and the recipient must be a good match.
Podstatné jméno
technical
C1
entity
3
atom or substance giving electrons
In science, an atom or substance that gives electrons or a chemical part to another atom or substance.
Vzorec užití:
a donor in [reaction/material]
Častá chyba:
Learners may think *donor* here must be a person, but in chemistry it is usually an atom, ion, molecule, or impurity. They also sometimes use *receiver* instead of the standard technical term *acceptor*.
Synonyma
electron donor (More explicit; clearly states that it donates electrons, not just any group.)
|
reducing agent (Overlapping chemical term; a reducing agent donates electrons, but not all donors are called reducing agents in every context.)
Antonyma
acceptor (General technical opposite; an acceptor takes in the electrons or group that the donor gives.)
|
electron acceptor (More explicit technical opposite; specifies that it receives electrons from the donor.)
Kolokace
electron donor
|donor atom
|donor molecule
|donor level
|donor impurity
|donor site
Témata
science
|chemistry
|physics
Příklady
- In this reaction, water acts as the electron donor.
- The dopant phosphorus is used as a donor in silicon to create n‑type semiconductors.
- Each donor molecule transfers an electron to the metal center.
- Charge transfer occurs when the donor and acceptor orbitals overlap.
- The strength of the donor affects the overall reaction rate.
Učební příklady
- In this experiment, the donor gives an electron to the other atom.
- The scientist explained that a donor loses electrons and an acceptor gains them.
- Phosphorus is a common donor in silicon chips.
- The donor and acceptor work together to move charge.
- This molecule is the main electron donor in the process.
Podstatné jméno
formal
C1
entity
4
person granting legal power or gift
In law, the person who gives a legal right, power, or property to someone else in an official document.
Vzorec užití:
the donor of [power/property]
Častá chyba:
Learners may wrongly assume this legal sense always involves money or charity. In legal documents, a *donor* can be giving a legal power or control, not just money or goods. They also sometimes confuse *donor* with *donee*; the donor gives, the donee receives.
Synonyma
grantor (Legal term especially for someone who grants a right or interest in property.)
|
settlor (Legal term in trust law for the person who creates a trust; overlaps in some, but not all, donor situations.)
Antonyma
donee (Legal opposite; the person who receives the power or property given by the donor.)
Kolokace
donor of the power
|donor’s signature
|the donor and the donee
|donor’s capacity
|instructions from the donor
Témata
law
|administration
Příklady
- The donor must sign the power of attorney while mentally capable.
- The court questioned whether the donor fully understood the effect of the document.
- Any instructions given by the donor should be recorded in writing.
- The lawyer explained the duties of the donee and the rights of the donor.
- If the donor dies, the power of attorney automatically ends.
Učební příklady
- The donor gave legal power to her daughter.
- The lawyer checked that the donor understood the form.
- The donor and the donee signed the document.
- If the donor changes his mind, he can cancel the power.
- The bank needed a copy of the donor’s papers.
Gramatika
Výrazy
anonymous donor
1/ənˈɑnəməs dˈoʊnɚ/
fixed phrase
donor whose identity is hidden
A person or group who gives money, things, or help, but does not want their name to be known.
Příklady
- An anonymous donor gave one million dollars to the hospital.
- The school library was rebuilt thanks to an anonymous donor.
- The charity said an anonymous donor had covered all the event costs.
blood donor
1/blˈʌd dˈoʊnɚ/
fixed phrase
person who gives blood
A person who gives their blood so it can be used to help sick or injured people.
Příklady
- The clinic is asking for new blood donors after the accident.
- Regular blood donors are invited to give every three months.
- As a first‑time blood donor, he was a little nervous but happy to help.
donor base
1/dˈoʊnɚ bˈeɪs/
fixed phrase
group of regular donors
All the people and groups who often give money to a charity, project, or campaign.
Příklady
- The campaign expanded its donor base through online fundraising.
- A strong donor base makes the charity less dependent on one big gift.
- They are working to build a younger donor base.
donor country
1/dˈoʊnɚ kˈʌntɹi/
fixed phrase
formal
country that gives foreign aid
A country that gives money, food, or other help to other countries, usually through international aid.
Příklady
- Donor countries pledged billions of dollars in emergency relief.
- The conference brought together donor countries and aid agencies.
- Some donor countries are cutting their foreign aid budgets.
donor fatigue
1/dˈoʊnɚ fətˈiɡ/
fixed phrase
formal
reduced willingness to keep donating
When people or groups become tired of giving money or help again and again, so they do not want to give more.
Příklady
- Aid agencies are worried about donor fatigue after years of conflict.
- Repeated emergency appeals can lead to donor fatigue.
- The charity tried new ideas to fight donor fatigue and keep support strong.
egg donor
1/ˈɛɡ dˈoʊnɚ/
fixed phrase
woman who gives eggs
A woman who gives her eggs to a clinic so that another person can try to have a baby.
Příklady
- Finding a suitable egg donor can take many months.
- The egg donor must go through several medical tests.
- Some couples look for an egg donor who shares similar physical traits.
living donor
1/lˈɪvɪŋ dˈoʊnɚ/
fixed phrase
person donating while alive
A person who gives an organ or tissue, like a kidney or part of their liver, while they are still alive.
Příklady
- The transplant was made possible by a living donor.
- Living donors usually give one kidney or part of their liver.
- The hospital has strict rules to protect living donors.
major donor
1/mˈeɪd͡ʒɚ dˈoʊnɚ/
fixed phrase
donor giving a large amount
A person or group that gives a very large amount of money or help to a charity, project, or campaign.
Příklady
- They hope the event will attract new major donors.
- Major donors are invited to a private dinner with the board.
- The museum named the new gallery after a major donor.
organ donor
1/ˈɔɹɡən dˈoʊnɚ/
fixed phrase
person who gives an organ
A person who gives one of their organs, while alive or after death, so doctors can put it into someone else.
Příklady
- After his death, several patients benefited because he was an organ donor.
- She decided to become an organ donor when she renewed her driver’s license.
- You can indicate on your driver’s license if you want to be an organ donor.
- The doctors are waiting for a suitable organ donor for the child.
- The hospital held an event to thank families of organ donors.
- The campaign encourages people to talk to their families about being organ donors.
sperm donor
1/spˈɚm dˈoʊnɚ/
fixed phrase
man who provides sperm
A man who gives his sperm so that another person or couple can use it to have a baby.
Příklady
- They decided to use a sperm donor to start a family.
- The couple chose a sperm donor who had similar physical features to the father.
- By law, the sperm donor can be contacted by the child after a certain age.
- Some sperm donors prefer to stay anonymous.
- The clinic keeps detailed records of each sperm donor.
- She became pregnant with the help of a sperm donor at a fertility clinic.