flora
gb/flˈɔɹə/ us/flˈɔɹə/
B2
Angličtina
~ 6200
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
B2
entity
1
all plants in an area
All the kinds of plants that live in a certain place or time.
Vzorec užití:
the flora of [a place/region]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes use *flora* to mean a single plant or a group of flowers, saying things like *"a beautiful flora"* when they mean *"a beautiful flower"* or *"beautiful flowers"*. *Flora* is a collective noun and usually refers to all plant life in an area, not to one plant or bouquet. It is also easy to confuse *flora* (plants) with *fauna* (animals); they are complementary, not synonyms.
Synonyma
plant life (Very close in meaning and commonly used in general English; slightly more informal and descriptive than the scientific-sounding 'flora'.)
|
vegetation (Emphasizes plants as growing cover on the land surface; less focused on species variety than 'flora'.)
Antonyma
fauna (Refers to animal life of a region, contrasting with 'flora', which refers to plant life.)
Kolokace
local flora
|native flora
|tropical flora
|rich flora
|marine flora
|flora and fauna
Témata
nature
|science
|environment
Příklady
- The island’s flora includes many species found nowhere else in the world.
- Climate change is already affecting the native flora of the Arctic.
- The guidebook has a section on the local flora of the national park.
- Urban development has put pressure on the region’s natural flora.
- Scientists are documenting the flora of the rainforest before more trees are cut down.
Učební příklady
- Australia has very different flora from Europe.
- We took photos of the local flora in the mountains.
- The book shows the flora of this country with many pictures.
- Farm chemicals can harm the wild flora near the fields.
unknown
technical
C1
entity
2
microorganisms living in the body
The tiny living things, like bacteria, that usually live in a part of the body or another place.
Vzorec užití:
[body part] flora
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes think *flora* in this sense still means plants. In medical and biological contexts, *flora* often means bacteria and other tiny organisms, not actual plants. Also, some learners say *"floras"* when talking about different body parts; professionals usually use *flora* as an uncountable or use phrases like *"intestinal flora"* and *"oral flora"* instead of a plural noun.
Synonyma
microbiota (More modern technical term in biology and medicine; often preferred in scientific writing over 'flora'.)
|
microbial community (Descriptive scientific phrase; emphasizes the group nature and interactions of the microorganisms.)
Antonyma
sterility (Refers to the absence of living microorganisms, which contrasts with the presence of normal flora.)
Kolokace
gut flora
|intestinal flora
|normal flora
|oral flora
|skin flora
|disrupt the flora
Témata
science
|medicine
|health
|body
Příklady
- Antibiotics can disturb the normal gut flora and cause digestive problems.
- Researchers are studying how changes in intestinal flora affect obesity.
- Probiotic foods may help restore healthy flora in the digestive system.
- Good oral hygiene supports a balanced oral flora.
- Hospital disinfectants are designed not to harm the natural skin flora more than necessary.
Učební příklady
- This medicine can change your gut flora.
- Yogurt can help your intestinal flora stay healthy.
- Doctors worry when the normal flora in the body is lost.
- Soap should clean your hands but not destroy all the skin flora.
Podstatné jméno
technical
C1
entity
3
book describing plants of region
A special book for scientists that lists and describes all the kinds of plants in a certain place.
Vzorec užití:
a flora of [a place/region]
Častá chyba:
Learners may not realize that *flora* can mean a book title and may misread phrases like *"Flora of Spain"* as referring only to the plants, not the reference work itself. Context (publisher, edition, author names) usually shows that a book is meant.
Synonyma
field guide (Broader and more general; may cover plants, animals, or other groups and is often less technical than a full flora.)
|
plant manual (Less fixed term; suggests a practical guide, not necessarily as exhaustive or formal as a scientific flora.)
Antonyma
fauna (In titles, a corresponding book about animals of a region may be called a 'fauna', contrasting with a plant-focused 'flora'.)
Kolokace
a flora of Britain
|regional flora
|standard flora
|publish a flora
|field flora
Témata
science
|education
Příklady
- The classic flora of the region is still used by botanists today.
- She carried a compact flora of Alpine plants in her backpack.
- The project aims to produce a modern flora of the Mediterranean islands.
- Students used the national flora to identify the species they collected.
- Many older floras are being updated to reflect recent taxonomic changes.
Učební příklady
- The scientist wrote a flora of local plants.
- Botany students used a flora of this country in class.
- This old flora is hard to use because the names have changed.
- A good flora helps people know the plants in a region.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
flora
IPA
GB/flˈɔɹə/
US/flˈɔɹə/
Slabiky a přízvuk
flora (1 slabika)
Stress on 1st syllable (flora)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: flora
- Plural: flora, florae, floras
Příbuzná slova
Výrazy
flora and fauna
1/flˈɔɹə ˈænd fˈɔnə/
fixed phrase
all plants and animals of an area
All the plants and animals that live in a place or during a certain time.
Příklady
- The region is famous for its rich flora and fauna.
- Climate change is threatening the delicate balance of the island’s flora and fauna.
- The documentary explores the unique flora and fauna of the Amazon rainforest.
gut flora
1/ɡˈʌt flˈɔɹə/
fixed phrase
technical
bacteria in the digestive system
The tiny living things, like bacteria, that normally live in the stomach and intestines.
Příklady
- A healthy diet can support a diverse gut flora.
- Antibiotics may disturb your gut flora and cause stomach upset.
- Scientists are studying how gut flora influences mood and behavior.
intestinal flora
1/ɪntˈɛstɪnəl flˈɔɹə/
fixed phrase
technical
microorganisms in the intestines
The tiny living things that usually live in the intestines.
Příklady
- Changes in intestinal flora can lead to digestive diseases.
- Certain drugs can seriously damage the normal intestinal flora.
- Probiotic supplements claim to restore the intestinal flora after treatment.
native flora
1/nˈeɪtɪv flˈɔɹə/
fixed phrase
plants that grow naturally in an area
The kinds of plants that grow in a place naturally, not brought from other places.
Příklady
- The park was designed using only the native flora of the region.
- Invasive species can threaten the native flora and disturb ecosystems.
- Gardeners are encouraged to plant native flora to support local wildlife.
normal flora
1/nˈɔɹməl flˈɔɹə/
fixed phrase
technical
usual microorganisms on or in the body
The tiny living things that are usually present in or on a healthy body and do not cause disease.
Příklady
- These bacteria are part of the normal flora of the skin.
- Broad-spectrum antibiotics can destroy the normal flora of the gut.
- The lab report notes that only normal flora were found in the sample.