fluency
gb/flˈuənsi/ us/flˈuənsi/
B2
Angličtina
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
B2
property
1
ability to use a language smoothly
the ability to speak a language easily and well
Vzorec užití:
fluency in [a language]
Častá chyba:
Fluency mainly means speaking smoothly; it does not always mean perfect grammar or a native accent.
Synonyma
proficiency (Broader; includes overall skill, not just smoothness.)
|
command (Emphasizes control over a language.)
Antonyma
hesitancy (Highlights frequent pauses or uncertainty.)
|
disfluency (The opposite of smooth, continuous speech.)
Kolokace
achieve fluency
|gain fluency
|develop fluency
|native-like fluency
|oral fluency
|spoken fluency
|written fluency
|fluency in English
|fluency in Spanish
|a high level of fluency
Témata
language_learning
|education
|communication
Příklady
- After a year abroad, her fluency in Italian improved dramatically.
- The job requires fluency in both English and Mandarin.
- He speaks with impressive fluency for someone who started learning last year.
Učební příklady
- I want fluency in English.
- Practice every day to improve your fluency.
Podstatné jméno
C1
property
2
smooth, effortless speaking or writing
speaking or writing smoothly and easily
Vzorec užití:
with fluency; [someone]'s fluency
Častá chyba:
Do not use *fluency* to mean 'confidence' alone; it focuses on smooth, easy expression.
Synonyma
smoothness (More general; can apply to many things beyond language.)
|
articulateness (Focuses on clear expression of ideas.)
Antonyma
awkwardness (Emphasizes clumsy, unnatural expression.)
|
haltingness (Emphasizes frequent stops and starts.)
Kolokace
speak with fluency
|write with fluency
|ease and fluency
|clarity and fluency
|fluency of style
|fluency of expression
|fluency and precision
|a lack of fluency
|improve fluency
|natural fluency
Témata
communication
|writing
|public_speaking
Příklady
- She answered the questions with fluency and calm.
- The essay has fluency but needs stronger evidence.
- His fluency dropped when he started reading from notes.
Učební příklady
- She speaks with fluency.
- My writing needs more fluency.
Podstatné jméno
C1
property
3
quick, accurate performance of a skill
doing a skill easily and correctly
Vzorec užití:
fluency with [a skill/task]; fluency in [a skill area]
Častá chyba:
In education, *fluency* can apply to skills like math or typing, not only to languages.
Synonyma
mastery (Often implies a higher, more complete level of skill.)
|
automaticity (Technical term emphasizing doing something without conscious effort.)
Antonyma
clumsiness (Suggests uncoordinated or error-prone performance.)
|
difficulty (General lack of ease in performing the skill.)
Kolokace
math fluency
|reading fluency
|computational fluency
|build fluency
|develop fluency
|fluency with numbers
|fluency with multiplication facts
|automaticity and fluency
|practice for fluency
|fluency drills
Témata
education
|skills
|learning
Příklady
- Regular practice helped her build fluency with mental arithmetic.
- The course focuses on fluency before introducing more complex problems.
- He has fluency on the keyboard, so he types without looking.
Učební příklady
- I need more fluency in math.
- Practice helps me get fluency.
Podstatné jméno
C1
property
4
smooth, graceful movement or performance
moving easily and smoothly
Vzorec užití:
fluency of [movement/action]
Častá chyba:
This sense is less common than language fluency; it is often used in arts and sports contexts.
Synonyma
fluidity (Very close; emphasizes continuous, flowing motion.)
|
grace (Adds a sense of elegance.)
Antonyma
stiffness (Lack of smooth, free movement.)
|
jerkiness (Movement that is uneven and stop-start.)
Kolokace
fluency of movement
|fluency of motion
|fluency and grace
|fluency and control
|fluency in dance
|fluency on the court
|fluency in performance
|loss of fluency
|fluidity and fluency
|natural fluency
Témata
sports
|arts
|performance
Příklady
- With training, she regained the fluency of her movements.
- The pianist played with fluency and control.
- His fluency on the field makes the game look effortless.
Učební příklady
- The dancer moved with fluency.
- Practice gave him more fluency.
Podstatné jméno
technical
C2
property
5
continuity of speech in therapy
how smooth a person’s speech is (medical use)
Vzorec užití:
assess [someone]'s fluency; fluency therapy
Častá chyba:
In this field, *fluency* is about speech flow (e.g., stuttering), not about vocabulary size or grammar knowledge.
Synonyma
speech flow (Plain-language description used in explanations.)
Antonyma
stuttering (A common cause of disrupted fluency.)
|
disfluency (General term for interruptions in speech flow.)
Kolokace
speech fluency
|fluency disorder
|fluency shaping
|fluency therapy
|assess fluency
|measure fluency
|fluency breaks
|stuttering and fluency
|fluency techniques
|increase fluency
Témata
health
|speech
|therapy
Příklady
- The clinician assessed his fluency during conversation and reading.
- Fluency improved after several weeks of therapy.
- Stress can reduce fluency and increase speech blocks.
Učební příklady
- The therapist checked his fluency.
Podstatné jméno
technical
C2
property
6
ease of mental processing
how easy something is to understand (technical use)
Vzorec užití:
increase fluency; reduce fluency; perceptual fluency
Častá chyba:
This sense is usually discussed in psychology; in everyday English, people more often say something is 'easy to process' or 'easy to understand.'
Synonyma
ease of processing (More explicit, less jargon.)
Antonyma
cognitive strain (The opposite feeling of effortful processing.)
|
difficulty (General lack of ease in understanding.)
Kolokace
processing fluency
|perceptual fluency
|cognitive fluency
|increase fluency
|reduce fluency
|fluency effects
|fluency-based judgments
|ease and fluency
|fluency heuristic
|low fluency
Témata
psychology
|communication
|marketing
Příklady
- Clear fonts can increase fluency and make a message feel more trustworthy.
- When fluency is low, people often slow down and question what they are reading.
- Researchers studied how fluency influences decisions under time pressure.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
fluency
IPA
GB/flˈuənsi/
US/flˈuənsi/
Slabiky a přízvuk
flu - ency (2 slabiky)
Stress on 1st syllable (flu)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: fluency
- Plural: fluencies, fluency
Příbuzná slova
Výrazy
fluency disorder
1/flˈuənsi dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/
fixed phrase
technical
condition affecting speech flow
a speech problem that stops smooth talking
Příklady
- He was diagnosed with a fluency disorder in early childhood.
- The clinic specializes in treating fluency disorders.
- A fluency disorder can affect confidence in social situations.
native-like fluency
1/nˈeɪtɪv lˈaɪk flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
fluency similar to a native speaker
speaking very fluently, like a native speaker
Příklady
- It took years of immersion to reach native-like fluency.
- Her native-like fluency makes her sound completely natural in meetings.
- He has native-like fluency, but he still makes occasional spelling mistakes.
oral fluency
1/ˈɔɹəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
smooth, natural spoken language
speaking smoothly and easily
Příklady
- Conversation classes are designed to build oral fluency.
- The exam includes a speaking section that tests oral fluency.
- She has strong grammar but still needs more oral fluency.
processing fluency
1/pɹˈɑsɛsɪŋ flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
how easily information is processed
how easy something is for the brain to understand
Příklady
- Simple layouts increase processing fluency and reduce confusion.
- Low processing fluency can make a true statement feel less believable.
- The study manipulated processing fluency by changing font clarity.
reading fluency
1/ɹˈidɪŋ flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
reading smoothly with good pace
reading easily, correctly, and smoothly
Příklady
- Daily practice helped improve his reading fluency.
- Teachers often measure reading fluency with timed passages.
- Her reading fluency increased as her vocabulary grew.
verbal fluency
1/vˈɚbəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
ease and speed of speaking
How easily and quickly a person can say many words correctly.
Příklady
- The test is designed to measure verbal fluency in older adults.
- Bilingual speakers sometimes show higher verbal fluency in one language.
verbal fluency
1/vˈɚbəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
ability to produce words quickly
quickly finding and saying words (often in tests)
Příklady
- The neurologist used a verbal fluency task to assess language function.
- Stress and fatigue can reduce verbal fluency.
- Participants completed a verbal fluency test in under two minutes.