inclusion
gb/ɪŋklˈuʒən/ us/ɪŋklˈuʒən/
B2
Angličtina
~ 6100
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
B2
state
1
the state of being included
The state of being part of a group, list, or whole thing.
Vzorec užití:
the inclusion of [something/someone] (in [something])
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes confuse the noun "inclusion" with the preposition "including" and say things like *"I like many sports, inclusion football"*. Use "including" in that sentence (*"I like many sports, including football"*) and use "inclusion" mainly after articles or with "of" or "in" (e.g. "the inclusion of football on the list").
Synonyma
involvement (suggests active participation rather than simply being counted as part of a group.)
|
incorporation (more formal and often used for things being added into systems, documents, or structures.)
Antonyma
exclusion (direct opposite; means leaving someone or something out of a group or whole.)
|
omission (focuses on something not being included, often by accident or choice.)
Kolokace
inclusion of [minorities]
|inclusion of [details]
|inclusion in the list
|full inclusion
|membership and inclusion
|inclusion within the group
Témata
society
|business
|education
|communication
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- Her inclusion in the shortlist came as a surprise.
- The price includes breakfast, and the inclusion of free Wi‑Fi is a nice bonus.
- The report argues for the inclusion of more case studies.
- We celebrated his inclusion in the national team.
- The inclusion of references at the end makes the article more reliable.
Učební příklady
- Her inclusion in the team made her very happy.
- The inclusion of photos makes the book more interesting.
- We asked for the inclusion of our names on the list.
- The teacher explained the inclusion of this topic in the course.
- The inclusion of extra examples helped the students.
Podstatné jméno
formal
C1
action
2
ensuring equal participation for all
Efforts to make sure all people, especially people who are often left out, can take part fully and feel respected.
Vzorec užití:
inclusion of [groups] in [area/activity]
Častá chyba:
Learners often think "inclusion" here only means having different types of people present. In modern use, it also strongly means that people feel safe, respected, and able to speak and act freely. "Diversity" is who is in the room; "inclusion" is how they are treated.
Synonyma
inclusivity (very close in meaning but slightly more informal and often used to describe the general quality of an environment.)
|
integration (focuses on bringing different groups together, sometimes after separation or discrimination.)
Antonyma
marginalization (describes the process of pushing groups to the edge of society, the opposite of bringing them in.)
|
discrimination (stresses unfair treatment that prevents full participation, which inclusion tries to fix.)
Kolokace
diversity and inclusion
|social inclusion
|promote inclusion
|commitment to inclusion
|workplace inclusion
|policies on inclusion
Témata
society
|politics
|business
|education
|work
|relationships
Příklady
- The company has made inclusion a core part of its culture.
- New laws aim to improve the inclusion of people with disabilities in public life.
- Effective inclusion requires more than just hiring diverse staff; it also needs a welcoming environment.
- The conference will focus on inclusion in higher education.
- Their office created an inclusion task force to review internal policies.
Učební příklady
- Many schools talk about inclusion of all students.
- Good managers care about inclusion at work.
- The government plans new programs for social inclusion.
- Inclusion means everyone can join and feel safe.
- She leads training on diversity and inclusion.
Podstatné jméno
B2
entity
3
an item that is included
Something that is part of a package, offer, or list.
Vzorec užití:
[an/one] inclusion in [package/list]
Častá chyba:
Learners may overuse this countable sense and say things like *"The inclusion of Wi‑Fi"* when a simpler word like "Wi‑Fi is included" or "Wi‑Fi is a feature" is more natural. Use this sense mainly in written information about packages, tours, or contracts.
Synonyma
feature (focuses on a special or attractive part of a product or service.)
|
component (more technical; suggests a part that helps make up a larger system.)
Antonyma
exclusion (a thing that is specifically not included in a package or list.)
|
omission (a thing that has been left out, often unintentionally.)
Kolokace
standard inclusions
|optional inclusions
|package inclusions
|tour inclusions
|new inclusions
|list of inclusions
Témata
business
|travel
|contracts
|daily_life
Příklady
- Airport transfers are a welcome inclusion in the tour price.
- Breakfast is listed as an inclusion, but lunch is extra.
- The new streaming service has some impressive inclusions for the basic plan.
- The hotel brochure clearly explains all inclusions and exclusions.
- Free technical support is now an inclusion in the standard contract.
Učební příklady
- Dinner is an inclusion in the price of the trip.
- Wi‑Fi is a useful inclusion in the room.
- Please check the inclusions before you buy the package.
- Parking is not an inclusion in this offer.
- The inclusions are written on the back of the ticket.
Podstatné jméno
technical
C1
entity
4
material trapped inside another material
A small piece of one material that is trapped inside a different material, for example inside a crystal or stone.
Vzorec užití:
an inclusion in [rock/metal/crystal]
Synonyma
impurity (suggests the inclusion is unwanted or reduces purity, which is not always implied by "inclusion".)
|
embedded particle (describes the physical situation but is less standard as a technical term.)
Antonyma
purity (describes a material without foreign particles or inclusions.)
Kolokace
mineral inclusions
|gas inclusions
|solid inclusions
|inclusions in the crystal
|metal inclusions
|impurity inclusions
Témata
science
|geology
|materials
Příklady
- The diamond contains tiny mineral inclusions that help identify its origin.
- Under the microscope, several gas inclusions can be seen in the glass sample.
- Amber often preserves insect inclusions from millions of years ago.
- The quality of the steel was reduced by non‑metallic inclusions.
- Geologists study fluid inclusions to understand ancient temperatures and pressures.
Učební příklady
- The stone has many small inclusions inside it.
- Scientists looked at the inclusions in the rock under a microscope.
- An insect inclusion was found in the piece of amber.
- There are gas inclusions in this piece of glass.
- Non‑metallic inclusions can make the metal weaker.
Podstatné jméno
technical
C2
relation
5
relation of one set contained in another
In mathematics, the idea that every element of one set is also in another set.
Vzorec užití:
the inclusion of [set A] in [set B]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes confuse the symbol for inclusion (⊆) with equality (＝). If A ⊆ B, A can be smaller than B or equal to B, depending on the definition being used in that course.
Synonyma
subset relation (more explicit about sets; commonly used in teaching.)
|
containment (general term for one set containing another; not limited to formal set theory.)
Antonyma
disjointness (describes sets that share no elements, which is incompatible with inclusion.)
Kolokace
set inclusion
|proper inclusion
|strict inclusion
|inclusion map
|inclusion relation
|partial order by inclusion
Témata
mathematics
|logic
|science
|education
Příklady
- The inclusion of set A in set B is written as A ⊆ B.
- By inclusion, every natural number is also an integer.
- We define a partial order on these subsets by inclusion.
- This function is simply the canonical inclusion of the subgroup into the group.
- The diagram illustrates the inclusion of open intervals in the real line.
Učební příklady
- In set theory, inclusion means one set is inside another set.
- The teacher wrote A ⊆ B to show inclusion of A in B.
- The inclusion of natural numbers in real numbers is easy to see.
- We compare these sets using inclusion.
- The arrow on the diagram shows the inclusion of this set into the bigger set.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
inclusion
IPA
GB/ɪŋklˈuʒən/
US/ɪŋklˈuʒən/
Slabiky a přízvuk
in - clu - sion (3 slabiky)
Stress on 2nd syllable (clu)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: inclusion
- Plural: inclusion, inclusions
Příbuzná slova
Forms
inclusions
noun
Related words
Negative and opposite forms
Advanced or less common
exclusionary
adjective
Výrazy
digital inclusion
1/dˈɪd͡ʒɪtəl ɪŋklˈuʒən/
fixed phrase
formal
ensuring access to digital tech
Efforts to make sure all people can use the internet and digital tools, not only rich or urban groups.
Příklady
- The charity runs classes to support digital inclusion for older adults.
- Rural areas still face big barriers to digital inclusion.
- Digital inclusion is essential for equal access to online education.
diversity and inclusion
1/dɪvˈɚsɪti ˈænd ɪŋklˈuʒən/
fixed phrase
formal
having diversity and true inclusion
The idea that an organization should have people from many different groups and also make sure they all feel welcome and can join in.
Příklady
- Many companies now have diversity and inclusion departments.
- The report criticizes the university's poor record on diversity and inclusion.
- Training on diversity and inclusion is mandatory for all managers.
diversity, equity, and inclusion
1/dɪvˈɚsɪti | ˈɛkwɪti | ˈænd ɪŋklˈuʒən/
fixed phrase
formal
diversity, fairness, and inclusion focus
A set of ideas in workplaces and schools about having different groups of people, treating them fairly, and helping them all feel they belong.
Příklady
- The university created a new diversity, equity, and inclusion office.
- Some shareholders questioned the cost of diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives.
- Her job title is Vice President for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion.
financial inclusion
1/fɪnˈænʃəl ɪŋklˈuʒən/
fixed phrase
formal
access to basic financial services
Making sure that all people, especially poor or rural people, can use services like banks, payments, and loans.
Příklady
- Mobile banking has greatly improved financial inclusion in rural areas.
- The report highlights low levels of financial inclusion among women.
- Financial inclusion is central to the country's development strategy.
inclusion criteria
1/ɪŋklˈuʒən kɹaɪtˈɪɹiə/
fixed phrase
technical
rules for who can be included
The rules that say who can join a research study, medical trial, or program.
Příklady
- The inclusion criteria required participants to be over 18.
- Clear inclusion criteria are essential for reliable clinical trials.
- Patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded from the study.
inclusion rider
1/ɪŋklˈuʒən ɹˈaɪdɚ/
fixed phrase
formal
contract clause demanding diversity
A special rule in a work contract, especially in film, that says the project must hire a diverse group of people.
Příklady
- The actor insisted on an inclusion rider in all future film contracts.
- Inclusion riders aim to increase diversity on and off screen.
- Her speech made the term "inclusion rider" widely known.
social inclusion
1/sˈoʊʃəl ɪŋklˈuʒən/
fixed phrase
formal
ensuring everyone can join society
A situation where all people in a society can take part in normal life and are not pushed away or left out.
Příklady
- The program focuses on social inclusion for people with disabilities.
- Improving social inclusion is a key goal of the new policy.
- Public transport plays an important role in social inclusion.