lump
gb/lˈʌmp/ us/lˈʌmp/
A2
Angličtina
~ 7200
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
A2
entity
1
small solid piece of something
A small, solid piece of a material that does not have a clear shape, like a piece of sugar or clay.
Vzorec užití:
a lump of [substance]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes say *"piece of sugar"* instead of the common collocation *"lump of sugar"* when talking about cube or rough pieces of sugar. Also, they may confuse *"lump"* with *"ball"*; *"ball"* usually suggests a more round, regular shape than *"lump"*.
Synonyma
chunk (Often suggests a bigger or more regular piece than a lump.)
Antonyma
powder (Refers to a substance in many tiny, smooth particles instead of in solid pieces.)
Kolokace
a lump of sugar
|a lump of coal
|a lump of clay
|big lump of
|break into lumps
|lumps in the sauce
Témata
daily life
|cooking
|objects
|daily_life
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- He dropped a lump of sugar into his coffee.
- The recipe says to melt the butter, not just throw in a cold lump.
- There were unpleasant flour lumps in the gravy.
- She shaped the wet lump of clay into a small bowl.
- We found a lump of coal at the edge of the old railway line.
Učební příklady
- She put one lump of sugar in her tea.
- There are lumps in this soup, so it is not smooth.
- He held a lump of wet clay in his hands.
- I bit a hard lump in the cake and almost broke my tooth.
Podstatné jméno
B1
entity
2
small swelling in body tissue
A small, higher area you can see or feel in or under your skin, which can be from an injury or illness.
Vzorec užití:
to find/feel a lump in/on [part of body]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes confuse *"lump"* (a solid raised area) with *"bruise"* (a dark mark on the skin) or use only *"bump"*. A *"lump"* is what you can feel as a raised mass; a *"bruise"* is a change in color, and a *"bump"* is a more informal word that can mean either.
Synonyma
swelling (More general and often used for larger or less clearly defined raised areas.)
Antonyma
flatness (Describes the normal, even surface of skin or tissue without any raised area.)
Kolokace
find a lump
|feel a lump
|a breast lump
|a cancerous lump
|a suspicious lump
|a lump on his head
Témata
health
|medicine
|daily life
|body
Příklady
- She went to the doctor after finding a small lump in her breast.
- The nurse checked the lump on his neck and ordered some tests.
- He hit his head on the doorframe and woke up with a large lump on his forehead.
- Any new lump under the skin should be checked by a health professional.
- The scan showed that the lump in his throat was benign.
Učební příklady
- I felt a lump in my neck and got scared.
- There is a small lump on his arm after the fall.
- She is worried because she found a lump in her breast.
- The doctor said the lump is not dangerous, but they will watch it.
Sloveso
B2
action
3
group together without distinction
To think of people or things as the same group, without seeing how they are different.
Vzorec užití:
to lump [people/things] together
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes say *"mix"* or *"put together"* when they mean that the grouping is careless or unfair. In these cases, *"lump together"* or *"lump [someone] in with"* is more natural.
Synonyma
group (Neutral; does not itself suggest that the grouping is careless or unfair, unlike "lump" which often does.)
Antonyma
distinguish (Focuses on seeing or pointing out the differences instead of treating things as one group.)
Kolokace
lump together
|lump all [group] together
|lump [someone] in with
|tend to lump
|cannot be lumped together
Témata
thinking
|society
|language
|communication
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- It's unfair to lump all teenagers together as troublemakers.
- The report wrongly lumped small family firms in with multinational corporations.
- We shouldn't lump mental health problems under one simple label.
- They tend to lump all forms of online criticism together as abuse.
- Artists from very different traditions are often lumped together in the same exhibition.
Učební příklady
- Do not lump all old people together. They are different.
- He felt hurt when the teacher lumped him in with the noisy students.
- The article lumps many kinds of games together as "addictive."
- You cannot lump this country together with its neighbors. It is very different.
Podstatné jméno
informal
B2
entity
4
heavy, slow, often lazy person
A word for a person who seems big, heavy, and slow, and often lazy or not very smart.
Vzorec užití:
a great/big/useless lump
Častá chyba:
Learners may think this meaning is neutral like *"person"*. It is usually negative or teasing and should not be used to politely describe someone.
Synonyma
oaf (Also an insult for a clumsy or stupid person, often slightly stronger or more old-fashioned than "lump.")
Antonyma
livewire (Describes a very lively, energetic person, the opposite of a heavy, inactive "lump.")
Kolokace
you big lump
|a great lump
|a useless lump
|a lazy lump
Témata
people
|emotions
|insults
|daily_life
Příklady
- Get up and help instead of sitting there like a great lump.
- Stop being such a useless lump and do something.
- He felt like a lump on the sofa after days of doing nothing.
- She called him a big lump for sleeping through his alarm again.
Učební příklady
- He just sits on the couch like a big lump.
- My dad told my brother, "Don’t be a lazy lump. Go outside."
- She felt like a lump because she was too tired to move.
- I don’t want to be a lump who never does any exercise.
Sloveso
informal
B2
action
5
reluctantly accept something unpleasant
To accept something you do not like, because you cannot change it.
Vzorec užití:
to lump [something]
Častá chyba:
This sense is almost always used in fixed phrases like *"like it or lump it"* or *"you’ll have to lump it."* Learners sometimes try to say *"I lumped the problem"* without context; this sounds unnatural.
Synonyma
put up with (Very similar meaning, but more common and slightly less sharp or rude than "lump it.")
Antonyma
resist (Means to fight against a situation instead of accepting it.)
Kolokace
like it or lump it
|have to lump it
|just lump it
Témata
emotions
|conflict
|daily life
|daily_life
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- The price is going up, and customers will just have to lump it.
- You can complain if you like, but in the end you’ll lump it.
- He didn’t get the promotion and had to lump it.
- If you don’t like the rules, you can lump it.
Učební příklady
- The boss said there is no money, so we must lump it.
- I do not like this job, but I have to lump it for now.
- You cannot change the exam date, so you will have to lump it.
- She was angry but knew she must lump it.
Podstatné jméno
B2
state
6
tight feeling in throat from emotion
A strange, tight feeling in your throat when you are very sad or moved and feel like you might cry.
Vzorec užití:
a lump in [someone]'s throat
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes think this is a real object in the throat like food. In this common phrase, it describes a feeling caused by strong emotion, not an actual piece of something.
Synonyma
tightness (Describes the physical feeling but does not include the emotional idea as clearly as "lump in the throat.")
Antonyma
relief (The feeling when the tight or painful emotion goes away, opposite to the tense feeling of a lump in the throat.)
Kolokace
a lump in my throat
|with a lump in his throat
|feel a lump in her throat
Témata
emotions
|body
|literature
Příklady
- He felt a lump in his throat as he said goodbye.
- With a lump in her throat, she thanked everyone for their support.
- The speech brought a lump to many people’s throats.
- I tried to speak, but the lump in my throat made it hard.
Učební příklady
- I felt a lump in my throat when I saw my baby for the first time.
- There was a lump in his throat as he talked about his father.
- The sad movie gave me a lump in my throat.
- Her kind words put a lump in my throat.
Sloveso
informal
C1
action
7
move or lift something heavy
To pick up or move something heavy and hard to carry.
Vzorec užití:
to lump [something] [somewhere]
Častá chyba:
This sense is not very common and is often replaced by verbs like *"carry"* or *"lift"*. Learners should use those more frequent verbs in most situations.
Synonyma
heave (Also means to lift or pull with effort; slightly more common and neutral than this sense of "lump.")
Antonyma
set down gently (Describes placing something carefully instead of moving it in a heavy, clumsy way.)
Kolokace
lump the boxes upstairs
|lump it into the car
|lump the bags onto the table
Témata
daily life
|movement
|work
|daily_life
Příklady
- We lumped the heavy suitcases into the back of the car.
- He lumped the old television up the stairs on his own.
- They lumped all the chairs into one corner of the room.
- She lumped the bags onto the table with a sigh of effort.
Učební příklady
- He lumped the big box into the truck.
- We had to lump all the bags up the stairs.
- They lumped the old sofa into the garage.
- She lumped the heavy books onto her desk.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
lump
IPA
GB/lˈʌmp/
US/lˈʌmp/
Slabiky a přízvuk
lump (1 slabika)
Stress on 1st syllable (lump)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: lump
- Plural: lumps
Verb
- Base: lump
- 3rd Person Singular: lumps
- Present Participle: lumping
- Past: lumped
Příbuzná slova
Forms
lumps
noun
lumping
verb
lumped
verb
Core family
lumpy
adjective
Related words
lumpiness
noun
Výrazy
a lump in one's throat
1/ə lˈʌmp ˈɪn wˈʌnz θɹˈoʊt/
idiom
tight feeling in throat from emotion
A strong feeling in your throat when you are very sad or moved and feel you might cry.
Příklady
- He felt a lump in his throat as he watched his daughter graduate.
- The story brought a lump to her throat.
like it or lump it
1/lˈaɪk ˈɪt ˈɔɹ lˈʌmp ˈɪt/
idiom
informal
must accept it, like it or not
Used to say that someone must accept a situation, even if they do not like it, because they cannot change it.
Příklady
- The rules have changed, and you can like it or lump it.
- He told the team they would have to train on weekends, like it or lump it.
lump in with
1/lˈʌmp ˈɪn wˈɪθ/
phrasal verb
include unfairly in a group
To put a person or thing in the same group as others, in a way that does not feel right or fair.
Příklady
- She hated being lumped in with the lazy students.
- Small independent shops are unfairly lumped in with big chains in the new law.
lump it
1/lˈʌmp ˈɪt/
idiom
informal
accept something you dislike
To accept something bad or annoying because you cannot change it.
Příklady
- If you don’t like the decision, you’ll just have to lump it.
- We can’t afford a pay rise this year, so the staff will have to lump it.
lump sum
1/lˈʌmp sˈʌm/
fixed phrase
single full payment of money
A single large payment of money, instead of many small payments over time.
Příklady
- You can take your pension as a lump sum or as a monthly payment.
- They offered to pay the damages in a lump sum.
lump together
1/lˈʌmp təɡˈɛðɚ/
phrasal verb
group things together carelessly
To put people or things in the same group, without seeing or respecting how they are different.
Příklady
- The article lumps together very different political movements.
- Teachers often lump together shy children and rude children as simply "quiet."
one lump or two?
1/wˈʌn lˈʌmp ˈɔɹ tˈu ‖/
fixed phrase
asking how many sugar lumps
A polite question asking how many small pieces of sugar someone wants in their tea or coffee.
Příklady
- Milk and sugar? One lump or two?
- She smiled and asked, "One lump or two?" as she poured the tea.
take your lumps
1/tˈeɪk jˈʊɹ lˈʌmps/
idiom
informal
accept deserved criticism or punishment
To accept criticism, problems, or punishment, especially when you know it is fair.
Příklady
- He made a mistake, admitted it, and took his lumps.
- Sometimes you just have to take your lumps and learn from the experience.