proportionality
gb/pɹəpˌɔɹʃənˈælɪti/ us/pɹəpˌɔɹʃənˈælɪti/
C1
Angličtina
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
formal
C1
property
1
appropriate relative balance
the idea that something should be the right size, level, or strength compared with something else
Vzorec užití:
the proportionality of [something] to [something]; proportionality between [things]; questions of proportionality
Častá chyba:
In everyday English, proportion or balance is often more natural than proportionality unless you are discussing law, policy, punishment, or formal judgment.
Synonyma
balance (more general and less formal)
|
proportion (more common for size, amount, or relative scale)
|
appropriateness (focuses on being suitable rather than specifically relative in degree)
Antonyma
disproportionality (the state of being excessive or not properly balanced)
|
imbalance (a more general lack of proper relation between parts or responses)
|
excessiveness (focuses on going beyond what is reasonable)
Kolokace
the proportionality of the response
|proportionality of the sentence
|questions of proportionality
|concerns about proportionality
|lack of proportionality
|proportionality and fairness
|proportionality and necessity
|proportionality assessment
|proportionality review
|sense of proportionality
Témata
law
|ethics
|policy
|judgment
Příklady
- Critics questioned the proportionality of a ten-year sentence for a nonviolent offence.
- The debate was less about security than about proportionality: was the ban too broad for the risk?
- The report found little proportionality between the company's penalties and the employees' mistakes.
Učební příklady
- The punishment raised questions of proportionality.
- We need proportionality in our response.
Podstatné jméno
technical
C1
relation
2
constant ratio between quantities
a relationship where quantities change together in a fixed ratio
Vzorec užití:
proportionality between [quantity] and [quantity]; [quantity] is in direct/inverse proportionality to [quantity]
Častá chyba:
Do not confuse proportionality with probability; proportionality is about ratios, not chance.
Synonyma
proportional relationship (clearer and more common in general explanations)
|
fixed ratio (emphasizes the numerical ratio rather than the relationship itself)
|
proportional relation (slightly technical alternative)
Antonyma
nonproportionality (absence of a constant proportional relationship)
|
disproportionality (a mismatch in expected relative amounts or ratios)
|
independence (used when one quantity does not depend on another)
Kolokace
direct proportionality
|inverse proportionality
|constant of proportionality
|proportionality constant
|proportionality relation
|proportionality factor
|linear proportionality
|test for proportionality
|show proportionality
|establish proportionality
Témata
mathematics
|science
|education
Příklady
- In this equation, proportionality means that doubling x also doubles y.
- The data suggest a direct proportionality between force and acceleration.
- Students learned how to identify proportionality from a constant ratio.
Učební příklady
- If x and y have proportionality, their ratio stays the same.
- The graph shows proportionality between distance and time.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
proportionality
IPA
GB/pɹəpˌɔɹʃənˈælɪti/
US/pɹəpˌɔɹʃənˈælɪti/
Slabiky a přízvuk
pro - por - tion - al - ity (5 slabik)
Stress on 4th syllable (al)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: proportionality
- Plural: proportionalities, proportionality
Výrazy
constant of proportionality
1/kˈɑnstənt əv pɹəpˌɔɹʃənˈælɪti/
fixed phrase
technical
fixed proportional multiplier
the number that connects two proportional amounts
Příklady
- In y = 5x, the constant of proportionality is 5.
- To find the constant of proportionality, divide y by x for any pair in the table.
- The units of the constant of proportionality depend on the quantities being compared.
direct proportionality
1/dɪɹˈɛkt pɹəpˌɔɹʃənˈælɪti/
fixed phrase
technical
same ratio between quantities
a relationship where one amount doubles if the other doubles, triples if the other triples, and so on
Příklady
- The graph is a straight line through the origin, which shows direct proportionality.
- There is direct proportionality between the cost and the number of identical tickets bought.
- In the formula y = 3x, the direct proportionality constant is 3.
inverse proportionality
1/ɪnvˈɚs pɹəpˌɔɹʃənˈælɪti/
fixed phrase
technical
reciprocal ratio between quantities
a relationship where one amount halves if the other doubles, so the product stays the same
Příklady
- At a constant distance, travel time has an inverse proportionality to speed.
- The experiment demonstrated inverse proportionality between pressure and volume.
- Students often confuse inverse proportionality with any downward-sloping graph.
principle of proportionality
1/pɹˈɪnsəpəl əv pɹəpˌɔɹʃənˈælɪti/
fixed phrase
legal
legal rule of balance
a rule that a response or restriction must not be stronger than necessary
Příklady
- The judge said the curfew violated the principle of proportionality.
- International humanitarian law requires the principle of proportionality in attacks.
- The policy was revised to comply with the principle of proportionality.
proportionality test
1/pɹəpˌɔɹʃənˈælɪti tˈɛst/
fixed phrase
legal
legal proportionality assessment
a legal check to see whether a restriction is justified and not too severe
Příklady
- The court applied a proportionality test to the search policy.
- Under the proportionality test, the city had to show that the restriction went no further than necessary.
- The measure failed the proportionality test because less restrictive options were available.
sense of proportionality
1/sˈɛns əv pɹəpˌɔɹʃənˈælɪti/
fixed phrase
judgment about proper scale
the ability to see how serious something really is and react in a reasonable way
Příklady
- She has a strong sense of proportionality and avoids turning small errors into crises.
- The reaction to the tweet showed no sense of proportionality.
- A good manager needs a sense of proportionality when dealing with minor mistakes.