rationalism
gb/ɹˈeɪʃənəlˌɪzəm/ us/ɹˈeɪʃənəlˌɪzəm/
C1
Angličtina
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
formal
C1
abstract
1
reason over emotion or faith
The belief that people should use reason and logical thinking rather than feelings, superstition, or tradition.
Vzorec užití:
rationalism; a commitment to rationalism; rationalism about [something]
Častá chyba:
Do not confuse rationalism with rationale, which means a reason or explanation, or with rationality, which is the quality of being rational.
Synonyma
reason (Broader and less ideological; refers to the power or use of logical thought.)
|
rationality (Names the quality of being rational, not usually a doctrine or movement.)
|
freethought (Often implies independence from religious or traditional authority.)
Antonyma
irrationalism (Rejects or distrusts reason as the main guide to belief or action.)
|
emotionalism (Emphasizes feeling over reason.)
|
superstition (Belief based on fear, magic, or tradition rather than reason.)
Kolokace
secular rationalism
|modern rationalism
|Western rationalism
|strict rationalism
|practical rationalism
|cool rationalism
|a commitment to rationalism
|a defense of rationalism
|reject rationalism
|appeal to rationalism
Témata
thinking
|beliefs
|society
|logic
Příklady
- The book is a defense of rationalism in an age of conspiracy theories.
- His rationalism made him suspicious of miracle cures and vague promises.
- The reformers believed that rationalism could replace inherited customs with fairer laws.
Učební příklady
- She trusted rationalism more than superstition.
- Rationalism helped him ask for evidence before he believed the story.
Podstatné jméno
technical
C1
abstract
2
reason as knowledge source
In philosophy, rationalism is the idea that important knowledge can come from reason itself, not only from what we see or experience.
Vzorec užití:
rationalism; rationalism versus empiricism; rationalism about [knowledge/morality]
Častá chyba:
In philosophy, rationalism is not just 'being reasonable'; it is a specific theory about how knowledge is possible.
Synonyma
apriorism (More technical; emphasizes knowledge that is independent of experience.)
|
intellectualism (Broader and less precise; emphasizes the role of intellect or reason.)
Antonyma
empiricism (Holds that knowledge comes mainly from sensory experience.)
|
sensationalism (A technical philosophical opposite that stresses sensation as the basis of knowledge.)
Kolokace
philosophical rationalism
|early modern rationalism
|continental rationalism
|classical rationalism
|rationalism and empiricism
|rationalism versus empiricism
|defend rationalism
|criticize rationalism
|a form of rationalism
|the tradition of rationalism
Témata
philosophy
|knowledge
|logic
|education
Příklady
- In early modern philosophy, rationalism is often contrasted with empiricism.
- Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz are commonly associated with rationalism.
- The course compares rationalism with theories that make experience the foundation of knowledge.
Učební příklady
- In philosophy class, we studied rationalism and empiricism.
- Rationalism says that reason can give us knowledge.
Podstatné jméno
formal
C2
abstract
3
reason applied to religion
The idea that religious beliefs should make sense to human reason, not depend only on faith or religious authority.
Vzorec užití:
religious rationalism; theological rationalism
Častá chyba:
Religious rationalism does not always mean atheism; it may still include belief in God or religion.
Synonyma
theological rationalism (A more specific term for rationalism in religious thought.)
|
freethought (Broader; often implies criticism of religious dogma.)
|
deism (Related historically, but specifically means belief in a creator known by reason rather than revelation.)
Antonyma
fideism (Emphasizes faith over reason in religious belief.)
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fundamentalism (Usually stresses literal scripture and religious authority over critical reason.)
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orthodoxy (Emphasizes accepted doctrine, often in contrast with rational criticism.)
Kolokace
religious rationalism
|theological rationalism
|Christian rationalism
|deist rationalism
|Enlightenment rationalism
|rationalist theology
|the influence of rationalism
|a form of rationalism
Témata
religion
|philosophy
|beliefs
|theology
Příklady
- Religious rationalism led some writers to reinterpret miracles as moral lessons rather than literal events.
- The movement valued scripture but insisted that doctrines should be acceptable to reason.
- In the eighteenth century, rationalism influenced debates about revelation and church authority.
Učební příklady
- Religious rationalism asks whether a belief is reasonable.
- It uses reason to examine religious ideas.
Podstatné jméno
technical
C2
abstract
4
functional modern design style
A style of modern architecture with simple shapes, clear structure, and little decoration.
Vzorec užití:
Rationalism; architectural rationalism; Italian Rationalism
Častá chyba:
This architectural use is specialized and is often capitalized when it names a movement.
Synonyma
functionalism (Very close in architecture; stresses that form should follow function.)
|
modernism (Broader movement that includes many styles besides rationalism.)
Antonyma
historicism (Uses or imitates historical styles rather than emphasizing modern functional logic.)
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ornamentalism (Emphasizes decoration, the opposite of rationalism's simplicity.)
Kolokace
architectural rationalism
|Italian Rationalism
|rationalist architecture
|rationalist design
|modernist rationalism
|geometric rationalism
|rationalist building
|the Rationalism of the 1930s
Témata
architecture
|design
|art
|modernism
Příklady
- The building's clean lines and lack of ornament reflect the rationalism of the 1930s.
- Italian Rationalism combined modern materials with strict geometric order.
- The exhibition traces rationalism in architecture from housing blocks to civic buildings.
Učební příklady
- The museum shows Rationalism with clean, simple lines.
- This building is an example of rationalism in design.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
rationalism
IPA
GB/ɹˈeɪʃənəlˌɪzəm/
US/ɹˈeɪʃənəlˌɪzəm/
Slabiky a přízvuk
ra - tion - al - ism (4 slabiky)
Stress on 1st syllable (ra)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: rationalism
- Plural: rationalism
Výrazy
cartesian rationalism
1/kɑɹtˈiʒən ɹˈeɪʃənəlˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
technical
Descartes' rationalist philosophy
The form of rationalism connected with the philosopher Descartes.
Příklady
- Cartesian rationalism begins with doubt and seeks knowledge that cannot be doubted.
- The article contrasts Cartesian rationalism with the empiricism of Locke and Hume.
- Many introductions to modern philosophy start with Cartesian rationalism.
critical rationalism
1/kɹˈɪtɪkəl ɹˈeɪʃənəlˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
technical
Popper's testable-knowledge philosophy
A philosophy of science that says we improve ideas by testing them and trying to find mistakes.
Příklady
- Critical rationalism treats scientific theories as conjectures open to refutation.
- Her paper uses critical rationalism to explain why a failed test can be productive.
- Supporters of critical rationalism argue that no theory is beyond criticism.
economic rationalism
1/ˌɛkənˈɑmɪk ɹˈeɪʃənəlˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
business
market-focused economic policy
A market-based approach to economic policy, especially in Australia and New Zealand.
Příklady
- Critics of economic rationalism argued that privatization had weakened public services.
- The government defended its reforms as economic rationalism, not ideology.
- In Australian political debate, economic rationalism became a label for market-oriented reform.
enlightenment rationalism
1/ɪnlˈaɪtənmənt ɹˈeɪʃənəlˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
formal
Enlightenment faith in reason
The Enlightenment belief that reason could help people understand and improve the world.
Příklady
- The constitution reflects Enlightenment rationalism in its faith in law, debate, and individual rights.
- Some critics say Enlightenment rationalism underestimated the power of emotion and culture.
- The museum links the scientific revolution to the rise of Enlightenment rationalism.
rationalism versus empiricism
1/ɹˈeɪʃənəlˌɪzəm vˈɚsəz ɪmpˈɪɹɪsˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
technical
reason against experience debate
A philosophy debate about whether knowledge comes mainly from reason or from experience.
Příklady
- The lecture introduced rationalism versus empiricism as a central debate in early modern philosophy.
- Students often find rationalism vs. empiricism easier to understand through examples from mathematics and science.
- Her essay argues that the old opposition of rationalism versus empiricism is too simple.
scientific rationalism
1/sˌaɪəntˈɪfɪk ɹˈeɪʃənəlˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
formal
science-guided rational worldview
The belief that science, evidence, and reason are the best guides to truth.
Příklady
- The organization promotes scientific rationalism and campaigns against medical misinformation.
- His scientific rationalism made him impatient with astrology and miracle cures.
- The book presents scientific rationalism as an alternative to superstition.