refinement
gb/ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/ us/ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/
B2
Angličtina
~ 7200
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
B2
action
1
process of making something better
The slow, careful process of making something better or more exact, usually with many small changes.
Vzorec užití:
the refinement of [something]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes use *refinement* as a verb (e.g. *we will refinement the plan*). The correct verb is *refine* (e.g. *we will refine the plan*), and *refinement* is the noun for the process or result.
Synonyma
improvement (More general; does not always suggest careful or repeated small changes.)
|
perfecting (Stronger and more absolute; suggests moving something very close to perfection.)
|
optimization (Often technical or business-related; focuses on making something as effective or efficient as possible.)
Antonyma
deterioration (Describes a process where quality becomes worse instead of better.)
|
degradation (Emphasizes a serious drop in quality or condition, the opposite of careful improvement.)
Kolokace
process of refinement
|continuous refinement
|ongoing refinement
|design refinement
|methodological refinement
|through refinement
Témata
work
|science
|technology
|art
|education
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- The software is good, but it still needs further refinement before release.
- Years of refinement turned the prototype into a reliable product.
- Scientific progress often comes from the slow refinement of existing theories.
- The new policy is a refinement of the earlier proposal, not a complete change.
Učební příklady
- The company is working on the refinement of its new car.
- After some refinement, her idea became a strong plan.
- This camera is the result of many years of refinement.
- The recipe tasted better after a little refinement.
Podstatné jméno
C1
property
2
elegant and cultured behavior
A quality of being polite and elegant, and showing good taste in how you behave, dress, or talk.
Vzorec užití:
[someone] is a person of great refinement
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes think *refinement* only means 'being fancy' or 'rich'. It more exactly means polite, tasteful, and controlled behavior or style, which can appear in simple, not expensive, situations.
Synonyma
elegance (Focuses more on beauty and style than on manners or education.)
|
sophistication (Suggests worldliness and experience, sometimes also complexity, not only politeness.)
|
polish (Informal; often about smooth, practiced behavior or style gained through experience.)
Antonyma
rudeness (Opposite in terms of politeness and good manners.)
|
crudeness (Opposite in terms of being rough, uneducated, or lacking in culture and taste.)
Kolokace
a man of refinement
|a woman of great refinement
|with great refinement
|social refinement
|a lack of refinement
|cultural refinement
Témata
social
|appearance
|culture
|daily_life
|relationships
|education
Příklady
- Despite his wealth, he had very little refinement in his manners.
- Her natural refinement made guests feel comfortable and respected.
- The restaurant aims for refinement rather than showy luxury.
- Over time, her writing gained a refinement that impressed critics.
Učební příklady
- He speaks with great refinement and calm.
- The room shows refinement in every small detail.
- Her parents value education and social refinement.
- His jokes are funny but do not show much refinement.
Podstatné jméno
B2
entity
3
small change that improves something
A small change or extra part that makes something a little better.
Vzorec užití:
a refinement to [something]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes use *refinement* here when they mean a large or complete change. *Refinement* usually describes a small or detailed improvement, not a total redesign or big change.
Synonyma
adjustment (General word for a small change; does not always suggest improvement in quality.)
|
enhancement (Emphasizes making something more attractive or powerful, not just slightly better overall.)
|
tweak (Informal; suggests a very small change, often in technology or design.)
Antonyma
flaw (A fault or problem in something, the opposite of an improving feature.)
|
drawback (A negative feature that makes something worse or less useful.)
Kolokace
small refinements
|minor refinements
|final refinements
|technical refinements
|a further refinement
|add refinements
Témata
technology
|work
|design
|daily_life
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- The latest model includes several refinements that make it easier to use.
- After a few refinements to the layout, the website looked much cleaner.
- They added a clever refinement to the handle so it folds flat.
- The chef introduced a subtle refinement to the sauce by adding lemon zest.
Učební příklady
- This phone has some refinements, like a better camera.
- We made a small refinement to the plan before the meeting.
- The teacher suggested a refinement to my final sentence.
- The car’s new seat is a useful refinement for long trips.
Podstatné jméno
technical
C1
action
4
industrial removal of impurities
The factory or chemical process that cleans a raw material, like oil or sugar, by taking out other substances.
Vzorec užití:
the refinement of [a substance]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes confuse *refinement* with *refinery*. *Refinement* is the process, while *refinery* is the place where the process happens.
Synonyma
purification (More general and can be used for water, air, or even moral ideas, not only industrial processes.)
|
processing (Broad technical term; may include many steps, not just removing impurities.)
Antonyma
contamination (The process of making a material dirty or unsafe by adding unwanted substances, the opposite of cleaning it.)
Kolokace
oil refinement
|sugar refinement
|metal refinement
|refinement process
|refinement techniques
|refinement stage
Témata
science
|industry
|technology
Příklady
- The country exports crude oil but lacks facilities for its refinement.
- Sugar refinement removes color and impurities before packaging.
- Advances in metal refinement have reduced waste and energy use.
- Strict safety rules apply during the refinement of toxic chemicals.
Učební příklady
- Oil refinement takes place in a large factory.
- Refinement makes the sugar white and clean.
- New machines make the refinement of metals faster.
- Water refinement is important for safe drinking water.
Podstatné jméno
formal
C1
property
5
high precision or subtlety
A very high and fine level of detail or exactness in ideas, work, or style, usually because of long, careful work.
Vzorec užití:
a refinement in [something]
Častá chyba:
Learners may confuse this sense with simple 'improvement'. Here, *refinement* stresses very fine detail and high precision, not just being better in a general way.
Synonyma
subtlety (Focuses on fine, delicate differences that are not obvious.)
|
precision (Emphasizes exactness and accuracy more than delicacy or elegance.)
|
finesse (Suggests skillful, delicate handling, often in social or artistic contexts.)
Antonyma
roughness (Lacks smooth detail or fine structure, the opposite of delicacy and precision.)
|
crudeness (Suggests something simple, unpolished, or lacking fine detail.)
Kolokace
a high degree of refinement
|intellectual refinement
|stylistic refinement
|mathematical refinement
|refinement of detail
|refinement of analysis
Témata
science
|art
|thought
|education
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- Her argument showed a refinement of thought that impressed the committee.
- The refinement of detail in the painting rewards close viewing.
- Over time, the theory gained a level of refinement that made it widely accepted.
- The new algorithm brings greater refinement to image recognition.
Učební příklady
- The plan needs more refinement of detail.
- His music has a new refinement after many years of practice.
- This model adds refinement to the old idea.
- The design now has a high degree of refinement.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
refinement
IPA
GB/ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/
US/ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/
Slabiky a přízvuk
re - fine - ment (3 slabiky)
Stress on 2nd syllable (fine)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: refinement
- Plural: refinement, refinements
Příbuzná slova
Výrazy
a lack of refinement
1/ə lˈæk əv ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/
fixed phrase
not polite or elegant
Not having polite, elegant, or cultured behavior or style.
Příklady
- His loud jokes at dinner showed a real lack of refinement.
- The review criticized the film’s lack of refinement in both dialogue and visuals.
further refinement
1/fˈɚðɚ ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/
fixed phrase
additional small improvement
One more small change that makes something even better after other changes.
Příklady
- The draft is good but needs further refinement before publication.
- After some further refinement, the app will be ready for launch.
refinement of taste
1/ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt əv tˈeɪst/
fixed phrase
making tastes more sophisticated
The slow process of making a person’s likes and dislikes more careful, educated, and sensitive.
Příklady
- Travel and reading contributed to his refinement of taste in food and art.
- Over the years, there was a clear refinement of taste in her choice of clothes.
to a high degree of refinement
1/tə ə hˈaɪ dɪɡɹˈi əv ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/
fixed phrase
formal
to a very advanced level
To a very advanced and precise level of development.
Příklady
- The technology has been developed to a high degree of refinement.
- Her technique on the violin has reached a high degree of refinement.
with great refinement
1/wˈɪθ ɡɹˈeɪt ɹɪfˈaɪnmənt/
fixed phrase
formal
in a very elegant or precise way
In a way that shows a lot of elegance, care, or fine detail.
Příklady
- The dishes were prepared with great refinement and attention to detail.
- She handled the difficult question with great refinement and tact.