roughly
gb/ɹˈʌfli/ us/ɹˈʌfli/
B1
Angličtina
~ 8400
Významy
0 významů
adverb
B1
relation
1
approximately; about; around
Used to say that a number, amount, size, or time is not exact, but close to the real one.
Vzorec užití:
roughly [number/amount/time]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes confuse "roughly" with "hardly". "Roughly" means "about; approximately" (Roughly 100 people = about 100 people). "Hardly" means "almost not" (Hardly 100 people = far fewer than 100). Another mistake is placing "roughly" too far from the number; it most often comes directly before the number or amount (say "roughly ten minutes", not "ten minutes roughly it takes").
Synonyma
approximately (More formal and technical; common in written English, especially science and reports.)
|
about (Very common and informal; used in most everyday situations instead of "roughly".)
|
around (Informal and conversational; often interchangeable with "roughly" before numbers.)
Antonyma
exactly (Stresses that the number or amount is completely precise, with no difference.)
|
precisely (More formal; emphasizes a very high level of accuracy.)
Kolokace
roughly the same
|roughly equal to
|roughly one-third
|roughly half
|costs roughly fifty dollars
|takes roughly ten minutes
Témata
numbers
|time
|daily life
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- There were roughly 200 people at the concert.
- The project will take roughly six months to complete.
- The repairs should cost roughly five hundred euros.
- The two houses are roughly the same size.
- Roughly one-third of the students failed the exam.
Učební příklady
- The bus comes every day at roughly eight o'clock.
- Tickets are roughly twenty dollars each.
- The journey takes roughly two hours by train.
- There are roughly fifty students in my class.
- My office is roughly ten minutes from here.
unknown
B2
relation
2
in a harsh or violent way
In a hard, not gentle way that can hurt someone or feel unkind.
Vzorec užití:
[someone] [does something] roughly
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes think this meaning is about numbers, like the approximate sense. If a person is "treated roughly", it does not mean "treated approximately" but "treated in a hard or violent way". Also, "rough" as an adjective is more common (a rough man, rough behavior); "roughly" here describes HOW the action is done, not the person.
Synonyma
harshly (Emphasizes unkind or severe behavior, especially in speaking or judging.)
|
violently (Stronger; stresses physical force or aggression more than "roughly".)
|
brutally (Very strong; suggests cruelty and extreme lack of care for others' feelings or safety.)
Antonyma
gently (Focuses on being soft and careful, the opposite of using force or being rough.)
|
softly (Often describes speech or touch done in a quiet, light way, not hard or rough.)
Kolokace
treat someone roughly
|grab someone roughly
|push roughly
|shake someone roughly
|speak roughly to someone
|handle someone roughly
Témata
behavior
|violence
|emotions
|communication
|relationships
Příklady
- The guard grabbed him roughly by the arm.
- She was roughly pushed out of the bar by the bouncers.
- The teacher spoke roughly to the boy after he lied.
- Protesters complained that the police had treated them roughly.
- He roughly shook the bottle before opening it.
Učební příklady
- The man pulled the child roughly across the street.
- Do not talk so roughly to your parents.
- The boy was roughly pushed to the ground.
- He took my bag roughly and threw it on the floor.
- She closed the door roughly and walked away.
adverb
B2
relation
3
without care; not precisely
In a way that is not smooth or careful, so it looks or feels simple, uneven, or unfinished.
Vzorec užití:
[someone] [does/makes/draws/cuts] [something] roughly
Častá chyba:
Learners may confuse this sense with the "harsh" sense. If you say "the door was roughly painted", it usually means it was painted in a quick, not smooth way, not that anyone was hurt. If a person is the object ("treated roughly"), it usually refers to harsh treatment; if an object or surface is the object ("roughly cut bread"), it usually refers to lack of smoothness or care.
Synonyma
crudely (Often suggests something was done very simply and without skill or style.)
|
roughly (Baseline term; neutral description without strong negative judgment.)
|
carelessly (Focuses more on not paying attention than on the physical unevenness.)
Antonyma
carefully (Stresses attention and effort to do something well and accurately.)
|
neatly (Describes something done in a clean, orderly, and tidy way.)
|
smoothly (Focuses on an even surface or movement without bumps or breaks.)
Kolokace
roughly cut
|roughly drawn
|roughly sketched
|roughly made
|roughly shaped
|roughly carved
Témata
appearance
|work
|art
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- The vegetables were roughly chopped and thrown into the pot.
- He drew a roughly circular shape on the board.
- They made a roughly built shelter from branches and plastic sheets.
- She roughly sketched the layout of the new office.
- The path was roughly paved with stones of different sizes.
Učební příklady
- He roughly cut the paper with old scissors.
- The map was roughly drawn with a pen.
- She roughly cleaned the room in five minutes.
- We built a roughly made table for the garden.
- The cake was roughly shaped but it tasted good.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
roughly
IPA
GB/ɹˈʌfli/
US/ɹˈʌfli/
Slabiky a přízvuk
roughly (1 slabika)
Stress on 1st syllable (roughly)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: roughly
- Plural: roughlies
Příbuzná slova
Výrazy
roughly speaking
1/ɹˈʌfli spˈikɪŋ/
fixed phrase
generally, but not exactly
Used before a sentence to show that what you say is only generally true and not exact in every detail.
Příklady
- Roughly speaking, the company doubled its profits last year.
- Roughly speaking, there are three main types of smartphones on the market.
- Roughly speaking, this plan will cost us half as much as the old one.