surname
gb/sˈɚnˌeɪm/ us/sˈɚnˌeɪm/
B1
Angličtina
~ 8500
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
B1
entity
1
family name or last name
The name that all people in the same family share, usually written after your first name.
Vzorec užití:
[someone]’s surname is [name]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes confuse 'surname' with 'first name' or 'given name'. On forms, 'surname' always means the family name, not the personal name. Another common mistake is writing or saying *'sir name'* instead of 'surname'; this is incorrect. In American English, 'last name' is more common in speech, but 'surname' appears often on official forms.
Synonyma
last name (Very common in everyday English, especially in American English; slightly more informal than 'surname' in some contexts.)
|
family name (Common internationally and in forms; focuses on the name shared by the family rather than its position in the full name.)
Antonyma
given name (Refers to the personal or first name, which contrasts with the family surname.)
|
first name (Common everyday opposite, especially when asking for personal details: 'first name' vs 'surname'.)
Kolokace
first name and surname
|full name and surname
|change your surname
|surname at birth
|husband’s surname
|shared surname
Témata
identity
|family
|administration
|relationships
|communication
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- Please write your surname in capital letters on the form.
- After getting married, she decided to keep her own surname.
- His surname is very common in this country, so people often confuse him with others.
- In many cultures, children take their father’s surname.
- The author publishes under a different surname for privacy reasons.
Učební příklady
- My surname is Kim.
- Please spell your surname for me.
- What is your first name and surname?
- She changed her surname after the wedding.
- We all have the same surname in my family.
Sloveso
archaic
C2
action
2
to give a family name
To give a person a family name or an extra name.
Vzorec užití:
to surname [someone] [name]
Častá chyba:
This verb form is very rare in modern English. Learners should normally use the noun 'surname' and the verb 'to name', not 'to surname', in everyday contexts.
Synonyma
name (A broad, very common verb meaning to give any kind of name; 'surname' is more specific and now rare.)
Antonyma
leave unnamed (Means not giving a name at all, which is the opposite of giving a surname.)
Kolokace
surname a child
|surname him [name]
|surname someone after [person]
Témata
identity
|history
|relationships
|communication
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- The child was surnamed Brown after his adoptive family.
- In the old records, the king is surnamed 'the Great'.
- The poet was surnamed 'the Melancholic' by his admirers.
- They surnamed the boy after his grandfather.
Učební příklady
- In old books, a king may be surnamed "the Great".
- The hero is surnamed "the Brave" in the story.
- A prince was sometimes surnamed after his city.
Gramatika
Výrazy
change your surname
1/t͡ʃˈeɪnd͡ʒ jˈʊɹ sˈɚnˌeɪm/
fixed phrase
legally take a new surname
To stop using your old family name and start using a new one, usually in an official way.
Příklady
- After the divorce, he decided not to change his surname.
- In some countries it is quite easy to change your surname.
first name and surname
1/fˈɚst nˈeɪm ˈænd sˈɚnˌeɪm/
fixed phrase
given name plus family name
Someone’s full basic name: their personal name and their family name.
Příklady
- Please print your first name and surname at the top of each page.
- The receptionist asked for my first name and surname before checking the booking.
shared surname
1/ʃˈɛɹd sˈɚnˌeɪm/
fixed phrase
the same family name
A family name that is the same for two or more people.
Příklady
- Their shared surname led people to think they were related.
- A shared surname does not always mean you belong to the same family.
surname at birth
1/sˈɚnˌeɪm ˈæt bˈɚθ/
fixed phrase
formal
family name when born
The family name you had when you were born, before any later change.
Příklady
- On the application form you must give your surname at birth.
- Her surname at birth was Garcia, but she now uses her partner’s name.