turbulence
gb/tˈɚbjələns/ us/tˈɚbjələns/
B2
Angličtina
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
B2
state
1
rough air during a flight
rough air that makes a plane move suddenly.
Vzorec užití:
turbulence on/during [a flight]
Častá chyba:
Usually uncountable in this meaning ("turbulence," not "a turbulence").
Synonyma
rough air (Plain, informal phrase used especially in aviation contexts.)
|
bumpiness (More general and less technical; focuses on the feeling.)
Antonyma
smooth air (Air conditions that do not cause the aircraft to shake.)
|
calm (General opposite idea of no disturbance.)
Kolokace
severe turbulence
|light turbulence
|moderate turbulence
|turbulence ahead
|hit turbulence
|experience turbulence
|turbulence on the flight
|a patch of turbulence
|unexpected turbulence
|turbulence warning
Témata
travel
|aviation
|weather
Příklady
- The plane hit turbulence over the mountains, and the seat-belt sign came on.
- We had a few minutes of severe turbulence, then the ride smoothed out.
- The pilot warned us to expect turbulence during descent.
Učební příklady
- There was turbulence, so I kept my seat belt on.
- The flight was smooth with no turbulence.
Podstatné jméno
C1
state
2
a period of instability or trouble
a time of trouble and sudden change.
Vzorec užití:
turbulence in [a country/market/organization]
Častá chyba:
Often used as an uncountable noun; avoid adding -s unless talking about separate kinds/episodes in a technical sense.
Synonyma
instability (More neutral; emphasizes lack of steadiness rather than conflict.)
|
upheaval (Stronger; suggests dramatic change and disruption.)
|
turmoil (Emphasizes confusion and disorder.)
Antonyma
stability (A steady condition without major disruption.)
|
calm (A peaceful situation with little conflict or uncertainty.)
Kolokace
political turbulence
|economic turbulence
|market turbulence
|social turbulence
|a period of turbulence
|years of turbulence
|financial turbulence
|turbulence in the region
|widespread turbulence
|cause turbulence
Témata
politics
|business
|society
Příklady
- The company went through turbulence after the merger.
- The region has faced years of political turbulence.
- Market turbulence made investors more cautious.
Učební příklady
- There is turbulence in the economy.
- After the change, the team had a time of turbulence.
Podstatné jméno
technical
C1
process
3
chaotic movement in a fluid
air or water moving in a rough, swirling way.
Vzorec užití:
turbulence in [air/water/flow]
Častá chyba:
Do not confuse with "turbulences" in general writing; in science it is usually treated as uncountable.
Synonyma
eddy motion (More specific; focuses on circular currents within the flow.)
|
swirl (Less technical; refers to circular movement but not necessarily the full concept.)
Antonyma
laminar flow (Smooth, orderly flow with little mixing.)
|
smooth flow (Non-technical opposite describing steady movement.)
Kolokace
atmospheric turbulence
|water turbulence
|flow turbulence
|turbulence in the wake
|turbulence levels
|turbulence increases
|turbulence forms
|reduce turbulence
|turbulence effects
|turbulence measurements
Témata
science
|weather
|engineering
Příklady
- The bridge supports were designed to reduce turbulence in the water.
- Turbulence mixes warmer and cooler air in the atmosphere.
- The simulation predicts where turbulence will form behind the object.
Učební příklady
- The water had turbulence near the rocks.
Podstatné jméno
C1
state
4
strong emotional upset
strong, confused feelings, often stress or worry.
Vzorec užití:
turbulence in [someone's life/mind]
Častá chyba:
In this meaning it is usually uncountable and often used with "emotional" or "inner."
Synonyma
turmoil (Very close; emphasizes confusion and distress.)
|
upset (More everyday and less intense.)
|
anguish (Stronger; focuses on suffering rather than instability.)
Antonyma
peace of mind (A calm, settled emotional state.)
|
contentment (A steady feeling of satisfaction.)
Kolokace
emotional turbulence
|inner turbulence
|personal turbulence
|teenage turbulence
|feel turbulence
|turbulence in his life
|a time of turbulence
|periods of turbulence
Témata
emotions
|relationships
Příklady
- He hid the turbulence he felt after the breakup.
- The book describes the emotional turbulence of adolescence.
- Meditation helped her calm the turbulence in her mind.
Učební příklady
- She felt a lot of emotional turbulence.
- He wanted peace, not turbulence.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
turbulence
IPA
GB/tˈɚbjələns/
US/tˈɚbjələns/
Slabiky a přízvuk
tur - bu - lence (3 slabiky)
Stress on 1st syllable (tur)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: turbulence
- Plural: turbulence, turbulences
Výrazy
clear-air turbulence
1/klˈɪɹ ˈɛɹ tˈɚbjələns/
fixed phrase
technical
turbulence with no visible clouds
turbulence in a clear sky.
Příklady
- The aircraft encountered clear-air turbulence at cruising altitude.
- Clear-air turbulence can happen even when the sky looks calm.
turbulence model
1/tˈɚbjələns mˈɑdəl/
fixed phrase
technical
mathematical model of turbulent flow
a way to calculate turbulence in a computer model.
Příklady
- The results depend strongly on the turbulence model you choose.
- Engineers used a turbulence model to predict airflow over the wing.
turbulence warning
1/tˈɚbjələns wˈɔɹnɪŋ/
fixed phrase
alert about rough air
a warning that the plane may shake.
Příklady
- The captain gave a turbulence warning and asked everyone to sit down.
- We got a turbulence warning about ten minutes before the bumps started.
wake turbulence
1/wˈeɪk tˈɚbjələns/
fixed phrase
technical
air disturbance behind an aircraft
turbulence caused by a plane ahead.
Příklady
- Air traffic control increased spacing to avoid wake turbulence.
- Small planes are more affected by wake turbulence from larger jets.