borrowing
gb/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ/ us/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ/
A2
English
hitelfelvétel, kölcsönfelvétel, hitelállomány, adósságállomány, felvett hitel, kölcsönvétel, kölcsönzés, nyelvi átvétel, jövevényszó, átvétel, merítés
NOUN
B1
1
Usage pattern:
borrowing [money/funds] from [a bank/lender]
High interest rates have discouraged borrowing by first-time buyers.
A magas kamatok visszatartották az első lakásukat vásárlókat a hitelfelvételtől.
The startup relied on borrowing to cover its early operating costs.
Az induló vállalkozás hitelfelvételre támaszkodott, hogy fedezni tudja kezdeti működési költségeit.
Before any borrowing, compare the interest rate and fees from several lenders.
Learner examples
Borrowing money can be expensive.
A hitelfelvétel drága lehet.
The family avoided borrowing from the bank.
A család kerülte a banki hitelfelvételt.
Common mistake:
Do not confuse borrow and lend: borrowers borrow from lenders; lenders lend to borrowers.
Meaning
Getting money as a loan
Collocations
personal borrowing
|consumer borrowing
|corporate borrowing
|mortgage borrowing
|short-term borrowing
|heavy borrowing
|new borrowing
|borrowing costs
|borrowing needs
|bank borrowing
Synonyms
taking out a loan (more explicit and informal for arranging a loan)
|
financing (broader; can include other ways of raising money)
Antonyms
lending (the opposite side of the same transaction)
|
repayment (paying the money back rather than receiving it)
Themes
money
|banking
|finance
|business
Definition
getting money that you must pay back later
The act or practice of getting money from a lender with an agreement to pay it back, usually with interest.
NOUN
B2
BUSINESS
2
Usage pattern:
[someone's/something's] borrowing(s)
The company's borrowings increased to nearly $2 million last year.
A vállalat hitelállománya tavaly közel 2 millió dollárra nőtt.
Higher tax revenues reduced the need for new borrowing.
A magasabb adóbevételek csökkentették az új hitelfelvétel szükségességét.
The annual report lists all outstanding borrowings at the end of the financial year.
Learner examples
The business has large borrowings.
A vállalkozásnak jelentős hitelállománya van.
The city wants to reduce its borrowing.
A város csökkenteni akarja a hitelállományát.
Common mistake:
In finance, borrowings often means the total amount of debt, not the act of borrowing.
Meaning
Money owed from loans
Collocations
total borrowings
|net borrowing
|government borrowing
|public borrowing
|company borrowings
|short-term borrowings
|long-term borrowings
|outstanding borrowings
|external borrowing
|reduce borrowing
Synonyms
debt (more general and common for money owed)
|
liabilities (an accounting term for financial obligations)
Antonyms
assets (things owned, rather than money owed)
|
savings (money kept or accumulated, not borrowed)
Themes
money
|finance
|accounting
|business
|government
Definition
money that has been borrowed and must be paid back
Money that a person, company, or government has borrowed; debt created by borrowing, often referred to in the plural as borrowings.
NOUN
A2
3
kölcsönvétel
B2
kölcsönzés
B1
Usage pattern:
borrowing [something] from [someone/place]
Borrowing tools from neighbors can save money, but you should return them quickly.
Ha szerszámokat kérünk kölcsön a szomszédoktól, pénzt takaríthatunk meg, de gyorsan vissza kell adni őket.
The library app tracks borrowing and returns for each user.
A könyvtári alkalmazás felhasználónként nyomon követi a kölcsönzéseket és a visszahozatalokat.
Borrowing your roommate's clothes without asking can cause problems.
Learner examples
Borrowing books from the library is free.
A könyvek kölcsönzése a könyvtárból ingyenes.
Ask before borrowing my phone.
Kérj engedélyt, mielőtt kölcsönveszed a telefonomat.
Common mistake:
Use borrow from, not borrow to: I borrowed a pen from Ana. Ana lent a pen to me.
Meaning
Temporary use of someone else's thing
Collocations
borrowing books
|borrowing equipment
|borrowing tools
|borrowing a car
|library borrowing
|borrowing privileges
|borrowing period
|temporary borrowing
|unauthorized borrowing
Synonyms
taking on loan (more formal and explicit)
|
using temporarily (does not always imply permission or a duty to return)
Antonyms
lending (giving something temporarily for someone else to use)
|
returning (giving the borrowed thing back)
Themes
daily_life
|sharing
|ownership
Definition
using something that is not yours and giving it back later
The act of taking and using something that belongs to someone else for a limited time, usually with permission and with the intention of returning it.
NOUN
C1
TECHNICAL
4
jövevényszó
B2
Usage pattern:
a borrowing from [a language]
The word ballet is a borrowing from French.
A „balett” szó francia eredetű jövevényszó.
English contains many borrowings from French, Latin, and Norse.
Az angol nyelv sok francia, latin és óészaki eredetű jövevényszót tartalmaz.
Some borrowings keep their original pronunciation for a long time.
Learner examples
Piano is a borrowing from Italian.
A „piano” szó olasz eredetű jövevényszó.
English has many borrowings.
Az angolban sok jövevényszó van.
Common mistake:
A borrowing in linguistics is not money; it means a language item taken from another language.
Meaning
Loanword or imported language feature
Collocations
linguistic borrowing
|lexical borrowing
|French borrowing
|English borrowing
|direct borrowing
|early borrowing
|semantic borrowing
|phonological borrowing
Synonyms
loanword (usually refers specifically to a borrowed word)
|
loan (technical term for a borrowed language item)
Antonyms
native word (a word that developed within the language)
|
coinage (a newly created word rather than a borrowed one)
Themes
language
|linguistics
|vocabulary
Definition
a word or language feature taken from another language
A word, phrase, sound, or grammatical feature that one language has taken from another language.
NOUN
B2
5
Usage pattern:
borrowing from [a source]; borrowing of [an idea/style]
The film's borrowing from comic books is clear in its colors and camera angles.
A film képregényekből átvett elemei világosan látszanak a színekben és a kamerabeállításokban.
Her music shows creative borrowing from jazz and West African rhythms.
Zenéjében érződik a jazzből és a nyugat-afrikai ritmusokból való kreatív merítés.
Critics argued that the design crossed the line from borrowing into copying.
Learner examples
The artist's borrowing from old posters is easy to see.
Könnyű észrevenni, hogy a művész régi plakátokból merített.
Borrowing ideas is acceptable if you give credit.
Az ötletek átvétele elfogadható, ha megjelölöd a forrást.
Common mistake:
Borrowing can be neutral or approved; plagiarism means dishonest copying without proper credit.
Meaning
Adopting ideas or styles
Collocations
cultural borrowing
|artistic borrowing
|creative borrowing
|stylistic borrowing
|heavy borrowing
|direct borrowing
|unacknowledged borrowing
|borrowing from tradition
Synonyms
adoption (neutral; emphasizes taking something up for use)
|
appropriation (often suggests unfair or insensitive taking, especially from a culture)
|
influence (less direct than borrowing)
Antonyms
originality (creating something new rather than taking from another source)
|
invention (making something new rather than adapting what exists)
Themes
creativity
|culture
|art
|ideas
Definition
using an idea or style from another person, culture, or tradition
The use or adaptation of an idea, method, image, style, or cultural element taken from another source.
Grammar
Dictionary form
borrowing
IPA
GB/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ/
US/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ/
Syllables & stress
bor - row - ing (3 syllables)
Stress on 1st syllable (bor)
Word forms
Noun
- Base: borrowing
- Plural: borrowing, borrowings
Expressions
borrowing costs
1/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ kˈɔsts/
fixed phrase
business
Interest and fees on loans
the extra money you pay when you borrow money
Examples
- The central bank raised rates, increasing borrowing costs for households.
- Lower borrowing costs made it easier for the company to invest.
- Rising borrowing costs have slowed the housing market.
Learner examples
- Borrowing costs are higher this year.
- Low borrowing costs help buyers.
borrowing limit
1/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ lˈɪmɪt/
fixed phrase
Maximum allowed borrowing
the most you are allowed to borrow
Examples
- The credit card has a borrowing limit of $5,000.
- Students can request a higher library borrowing limit.
- The new rules set a strict borrowing limit for local councils.
Learner examples
- My borrowing limit is $1,000.
- The library has a borrowing limit of ten books.
borrowing power
1/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ pˈaʊɚ/
fixed phrase
business
Ability to borrow money
how much money someone can borrow
Examples
- A larger down payment can increase your borrowing power.
- The merger strengthened the firm's borrowing power with banks.
- Missed payments can reduce your borrowing power for years.
Learner examples
- A good credit score gives you more borrowing power.
- My borrowing power is too low for that house.
borrowing rate
1/bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ ɹˈeɪt/
fixed phrase
business
Interest rate on borrowed money
the interest rate you pay when you borrow money
Examples
- Their borrowing rate fell after the company's credit rating improved.
- Mortgage borrowing rates are higher than they were last year.
- The bank offered a lower borrowing rate to customers with strong credit.
Learner examples
- The borrowing rate is 6 percent.
- We need a lower borrowing rate.
cultural borrowing
1/kˈʌlt͡ʃɚəl bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ/
fixed phrase
Adopting from another culture
using ideas, styles, or customs from another culture
Examples
- The festival reflects centuries of cultural borrowing between neighboring communities.
- Designers often use cultural borrowing, but they should understand and credit their sources.
- The restaurant's menu shows cultural borrowing without simply copying one tradition.
Learner examples
- The music shows cultural borrowing.
- Cultural borrowing can create new styles.
government borrowing
1/ɡˈʌvɚnmənt bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ/
fixed phrase
business
Money borrowed by government
money the government borrows to pay for public spending
Examples
- Government borrowing rose sharply during the recession.
- The finance minister promised to reduce government borrowing over the next three years.
- Higher tax receipts helped keep government borrowing below forecasts.
Learner examples
- Government borrowing increased last year.
- The country wants less government borrowing.
lexical borrowing
1/lˈɛksɪkəl bˈɑɹoʊɪŋ/
fixed phrase
technical
Words taken from another language
when one language takes words from another language
Examples
- Sushi in English is an example of lexical borrowing from Japanese.
- Lexical borrowing often happens when communities trade or live close together.
- The study compares lexical borrowing in Spanish and Tagalog.
Learner examples
- English has lexical borrowing from French.
- Pizza is a result of lexical borrowing.