English - Hungarian

dirty

gb/dˈɚti/ us/dˈɚti/
A1 English
~ 2900
piszkos, trágár, disznó, obszcén, tisztességtelen, bepiszkol
A1
1
Usage pattern:
[something] is dirty
Her shoes were dirty after walking through the park.
Piszkos lett a cipője, miután átsétált a parkon.
The windows are so dirty you can barely see through them.
Az ablakok olyan piszkosak, hogy alig lehet átlátni rajtuk.
He washed his dirty hands before dinner.
Learner examples
My shirt is dirty.
Piszkos az ingem.
The table is dirty.
Piszkos az asztal.
His face is dirty.
Common mistake:
Learners sometimes confuse 'dirty' with 'messy'. 'Dirty' means not clean, while 'messy' means untidy but not necessarily unclean.
Meaning
Not clean; soiled
Collocations
dirty clothes |dirty hands |dirty shoes |dirty floor |dirty water
Synonyms
unclean (More formal and less common in everyday speech.)
Antonyms
clean (Means free from dirt or unwanted substances.)
Themes
daily life |home |hygiene |daily_life |core_vocabulary
Definition

Not clean; having something like dust, mud, or grease on it.

Covered with or containing an unwanted substance such as dust, mud, or grease.

B1 INFORMAL
2
Usage pattern:
[someone/something] is dirty
He told a dirty joke at the party.
Disznó viccet mesélt a partin.
Stop making dirty comments about her.
Ne tegyél róla trágár megjegyzéseket.
Some magazines contain dirty pictures.
Learner examples
He made a dirty joke.
Disznó viccet mondott.
That movie has some dirty scenes.
Abban a filmben van néhány obszcén jelenet.
Don't say dirty words.
Common mistake:
Learners may confuse 'dirty' in this sense with physically unclean; context usually makes the meaning clear.
Meaning
Sexually rude or offensive
Collocations
dirty joke |dirty mind |dirty talk
Synonyms
obscene (Stronger and more formal; often used in legal contexts.)
Antonyms
innocent (Free from sexual or offensive connotation.)
Themes
emotions |communication |core_vocabulary
Definition

Talking about sex or rude things in a way that may offend people.

Containing or expressing sexual content or other material considered offensive or obscene.

B2
3
Usage pattern:
[someone/something] is dirty
The election campaign turned into a dirty fight.
A választási kampány piszkos harccá fajult.
They used dirty tricks to win the contract.
Piszkos trükköket vetettek be, hogy elnyerjék a szerződést.
It's a dirty business full of corruption.
Learner examples
He played a dirty game.
Piszkos játékot játszott.
The politician used dirty tricks.
A politikus piszkos trükköket vetett be.
It was a dirty fight.
Meaning
Dishonest or unfair
Collocations
dirty tricks |dirty politics |dirty game
Synonyms
dishonest (General term for not telling the truth or cheating.)
Antonyms
fair (Acting honestly and according to rules.)
Themes
law |business |sports |core_vocabulary
Definition

Using bad or unfair ways to win or get something.

Involving dishonest, unfair, or illegal methods to achieve something.

VERB A2
4
Usage pattern:
to dirty [something]
Don't dirty your shoes before the meeting.
Ne piszkold be a cipődet a megbeszélés előtt.
She dirtied the kitchen floor while cooking.
Főzés közben bepiszkolta a konyha padlóját.
The children dirtied their clothes playing outside.
Learner examples
Don't dirty your hands.
Ne piszkold be a kezed.
He dirtied his pants.
Bepiszkolta a nadrágját.
She dirtied the floor.
Meaning
Make something unclean
Collocations
dirty the carpet |dirty your clothes
Synonyms
soil (Slightly more formal and less common in everyday speech.)
Antonyms
clean (To remove dirt or make something clean again.)
Themes
daily life |daily_life |core_vocabulary
Definition

To make something not clean by putting dirt or something like it on it.

To cause something to become unclean by adding dirt, dust, or another unwanted substance.

Grammar
Dictionary form
dirty
IPA
GB/dˈɚti/
US/dˈɚti/
Syllables & stress
dirty (1 syllable)
Stress on 1st syllable (dirty)
Word forms
Adjective
  • Base: dirty
  • Comparative: dirtier
  • Superlative: dirtiest
Verb
  • Base: dirty
  • 3rd Person Singular: dirties
  • Present Participle: dirtying
  • Past: dirtied
Word family
Forms
dirties verb dirtying verb dirtied verb dirtier adjective dirtiest adjective
Core family
dirt noun A2
Related words
dirtiness noun dirtily adverb
Negative and opposite forms
clean adjective A1
Expressions

do someone’s dirty work

1
/dˈu sˈʌmwˌʌnz dˈɚti wˈɚk/
idiom

Do unpleasant tasks for someone else

To do an unpleasant or bad job for another person so they don't have to do it themselves.

Examples
  • She always gets her assistant to do her dirty work.
  • He refused to do the boss’s dirty work anymore.

get your hands dirty

1
/ɡˈɛt jˈʊɹ hˈændz dˈɚti/
idiom informal

Do unpleasant practical work

To do hard, messy, or unpleasant work yourself instead of letting others do it.

Examples
  • As a manager, he’s not afraid to get his hands dirty.
  • Sometimes you have to get your hands dirty to get the job done.

play dirty

1
/plˈeɪ dˈɚti/
idiom informal

Act dishonestly to win

To use unfair or dishonest ways to win or get what you want.

Examples
  • If you want to win against him, be prepared—he plays dirty.
  • The company played dirty to beat its competitors.

dirty laundry

1
/dˈɚti lˈɔndɹi/
idiom informal

embarrassing or private secrets

Private or shameful things about a person or family that they don’t want other people to know.

Examples
  • The book reveals a lot of the family’s dirty laundry.
  • He didn’t want their dirty laundry discussed in public.

dirty laundry

2
/dˈɚti lˈɔndɹi/
idiom

Private embarrassing matters

Personal problems that you do not want other people to know about.

Examples
  • They aired their dirty laundry in public during the meeting.
  • Don't wash your dirty laundry in public; keep family issues private.

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