disparity
gb/dɪspˈɛɹəti/ us/dɪspˈɛɹəti/
C1
English
~ 7600
egyenlőtlenség, eltérés, különbség, binokuláris diszparitás, retinális diszparitás
NOUN
C1
1
Usage pattern:
a disparity in [something] between [groups]
The report highlights a growing income disparity between urban and rural areas.
A jelentés rámutat a városi és vidéki területek közötti növekvő jövedelmi egyenlőtlenségre.
There is still a significant racial disparity in arrest and sentencing rates.
A letartóztatási és az ítélethozatali arányokban továbbra is jelentős faji egyenlőtlenség mutatkozik.
The government pledged to reduce the disparity in access to quality education.
Gender pay disparity remains a serious issue across many industries.
Health-care disparities became more visible during the pandemic.
Learner examples
There is a big disparity in pay between men and women at that company.
Annál a cégnél nagy a fizetésbeli egyenlőtlenség a férfiak és a nők között.
Many people are worried about the growing disparity between rich and poor.
Sokan aggódnak a gazdagok és a szegények közötti növekvő egyenlőtlenség miatt.
The new law tries to fix the disparity in access to good schools.
We must look at racial disparity in the justice system.
The study shows a clear disparity in health care for different groups.
Common mistake:
Learners sometimes use *disparity* for any small or neutral difference. In social, economic, or legal contexts, *disparity* usually suggests an unfair or problematic gap. Learners also often say *disparity of A and B*; the most natural patterns are *disparity between A and B* or *disparity in X between A and B*.
Meaning
unfair difference between groups
Collocations
economic disparity
|income disparity
|wealth disparity
|racial disparity
|gender disparity
|health-care disparities
Synonyms
inequality (Very close in meaning; more common and slightly broader, especially for social or economic issues.)
|
gap (More informal and visual; emphasizes the size of the difference rather than its fairness.)
|
imbalance (Highlights that things are not in equal or correct proportion, sometimes less focused on justice.)
Antonyms
equality (Direct opposite when talking about fair treatment or equal conditions.)
|
parity (A formal word meaning an equal or similar state, especially in pay or status.)
Themes
society
|economics
|politics
|law
Definition
A clear and often unfair difference between groups of people or things.
A noticeable and often unfair difference in level, treatment, or outcome between groups, individuals, or things.
NOUN
C1
FORMAL
2
Usage pattern:
a disparity between [A] and [B]
There is a huge disparity between the official figures and what we see on the ground.
Óriási eltérés van a hivatalos adatok és aközött, amit a helyszínen látunk.
The disparity in size between the two teams was obvious.
A két csapat közötti méretbeli különbség nyilvánvaló volt.
Analysts noted a worrying disparity in the company’s regional sales results.
We need to understand the disparity in exam scores across different schools.
The price disparity between the two brands surprised many customers.
Learner examples
There is a clear disparity between what he says and what he does.
Jól látható eltérés van aközött, amit mond, és aközött, amit tesz.
The disparity in class sizes is easy to see.
Az osztálylétszámok közötti különbség könnyen észrevehető.
We saw a big disparity in test results this year.
There is a price disparity between the online store and the shop in town.
The coach talked about the disparity in skill between the two teams.
Common mistake:
Learners may try to use *disparity* in very casual speech where *difference* is more natural. Also, avoid saying *a disparity of two things*; use *a disparity between two things* or *a disparity in something*.
Meaning
noticeable difference in degree
Collocations
disparity in size
|disparity in quality
|price disparity
|regional disparity
|disparity in performance
|disparity in standards
Synonyms
difference (More general and less formal; does not suggest that the difference is large or striking.)
|
contrast (Emphasizes a sharp or obvious difference, often visual or descriptive.)
|
divergence (More technical or formal; suggests things becoming more different over time.)
Antonyms
similarity (Focuses on how things are alike, the opposite of a noticeable difference.)
|
correspondence (Formal; suggests that things match or agree rather than differ.)
Themes
description
|comparison
|core_vocabulary
Definition
A strong and clear difference in how big, good, or strong two things are.
A clear or marked difference in amount, quality, or degree between two or more things, without necessarily implying unfairness.
NOUN
C2
TECHNICAL
3
Usage pattern:
binocular disparity in [visual stimulus]
The brain uses binocular disparity to create a sense of depth in the visual field.
Az agy a binokuláris diszparitást használja fel ahhoz, hogy mélységérzetet hozzon létre a látómezőben.
3D movies simulate retinal disparity by presenting slightly different images to each eye.
A 3D-filmek úgy szimulálják a retinális diszparitást, hogy mindkét szemnek kissé eltérő képet mutatnak.
Researchers measured disparity sensitivity in patients with visual disorders.
Large disparity between the two eyes can cause double vision or visual discomfort.
Depth from disparity is a key cue in many computer vision algorithms.
Learner examples
Our eyes use disparity to help us see depth.
A szemünk a diszparitást is használja ahhoz, hogy érzékeljük a mélységet.
3D glasses create disparity between the images each eye sees.
A 3D-s szemüvegek diszparitást hoznak létre a két szem által látott képek között.
Without disparity, it is hard for the brain to know how far things are.
Scientists study disparity to understand how we see in 3D.
Small changes in disparity can change how deep an object looks.
Meaning
difference between two eye images
Collocations
binocular disparity
|retinal disparity
|stereoscopic disparity
|depth from disparity
Synonyms
retinal disparity (More specific technical term for the same visual phenomenon.)
|
binocular parallax (Technical; refers to the same type of positional difference used for depth perception.)
Antonyms
retinal correspondence (Technical; describes a condition where images fall on matching points of the two retinas, minimizing disparity.)
Themes
science
|medicine
|body
Definition
In eye science, the small difference between what each eye sees, which helps the brain see depth.
In vision science, the difference in the position of an object’s image on the left and right retinas, which the brain uses to judge depth and distance.
Grammar
Dictionary form
disparity
IPA
GB/dɪspˈɛɹəti/
US/dɪspˈɛɹəti/
Syllables & stress
dis - par - ity (3 syllables)
Stress on 2nd syllable (par)
Word forms
Noun
- Base: disparity
- Plural: disparities, disparity
Word family
Forms
disparities
noun
Core family
disparate
adjective
Related words
parity
noun B2
Advanced or less common
disparately
adverb
Expressions
disparity between A and B
1/dɪspˈɛɹəti bɪtwˈin ə ˈænd bˈi/
fixed phrase
formal
difference between two entities
Used to say that two people, groups, or things are very different in some clear way.
Examples
- There is a clear disparity between A and B in terms of opportunities.
- The disparity between A and B has grown over the past decade.
- Experts are concerned about the disparity between A and B in exam results.
disparity in
1/dɪspˈɛɹəti ˈɪn/
fixed phrase
formal
difference in a specific area
Used before a noun to say there is a strong difference in that area, such as pay, quality, or access.
Examples
- The study found a large disparity in pay across departments.
- There is worrying disparity in access to mental health services.
- We can see clear disparity in performance between the morning and evening shifts.
racial disparity
1/ɹˈeɪʃəl dɪspˈɛɹəti/
fixed phrase
difference between racial groups
Used to talk about clear and often unfair differences between racial groups, for example in health, income, or arrests.
Examples
- The report documents serious racial disparity in school discipline.
- Racial disparity in health outcomes has become a national concern.
- New policies aim to reduce racial disparity in housing and employment.