Scope Lamp
Scope
Operator
Focus-sensitive particle
What does this marker apply to?
booster
intermediate
Information structure
Σημασία
The range affected by a word or marker such as not, only, also, all, every, already, still, almost, or even.
Πώς να το αναγνωρίζετε
Move the marker mentally and observe what meaning changes.
Παραδείγματα
Λέξεις
only|also|not|all|every|almost|still
Φράσεις
only Anna|not all|almost finished
Πρόταση
Only John saw Mary.
Visual guide
Basic shape
Scope = lit area
Only [John] saw Mary
^^^^
only applies here
Meaning:
John, not others,
saw Mary.
Compare shape
Move the lamp: Only [John] saw Mary = subject in scope John only [saw Mary] = whole event in scope John saw only [Mary] = object in scope
Προβολή ανά γλώσσα
Στη γλώσσα σας
Arabic (Modern Standard)
Παρουσία
strong
Σημασία
Scope is important with negation, إلا, فقط, كل, بعض and similar operators.
لا أقرأ إلا الكتبَ المفيدة.
I read only useful books.
Στη γλώσσα που μαθαίνετε
German (standard)
Παρουσία
strong
Δυσκολία
Scope depends on particles and their position, especially nur, auch, schon and noch.
Ich lese nur den ersten Teil.
I read only the first part.
Συνηθισμένη δυσκολία μαθητών
Learners may place only/also equivalents where they modify the wrong element.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.