graft
gb/ɡɹˈæft/ us/ɡɹˈæft/
B2
Inglés
kemény munka, gürcölés, keményen dolgozik, gürcöl, korrupció, oltás, olt, szövetátültetés, átültetett szövet, átültet, ráerőltet
SUSTANTIVO
B2
INFORMAL
1
kemény munka
A2
gürcölés
C1
Patrón de uso:
a lot of graft
It took a lot of graft to get the place ready for opening.
Sok kemény munka kellett ahhoz, hogy a hely készen álljon a nyitásra.
Behind her success was years of graft and determination.
A sikere mögött évek kemény munkája és elszántsága állt.
I don’t mind the graft if the pay is fair.
Ejemplos para estudiantes
Learning English takes a lot of graft.
Az angoltanulás sok kemény munkát igényel.
This job is hard graft.
Ez a munka kemény meló.
Error frecuente:
Do not confuse graft (hard work) with craft (skill) or graph (a diagram).
Significado
hard work and effort
Colocaciones
a lot of graft
|hard graft
|years of graft
|the graft of building
|the graft of training
|back-breaking graft
|reward for your graft
Sinónimos
hard work (most general and neutral.)
|
toil (emphasizes difficulty and tiredness.)
|
slog (emphasizes boring, tiring work.)
Antónimos
idleness (lack of work or effort.)
|
leisure (free time rather than work.)
Temas
work
|daily_life
Definición
hard work, especially for a long time.
hard work and sustained effort, especially physical work.
VERBO
B2
INFORMAL
2
gürcöl
C1
Patrón de uso:
graft (all day/night)
He grafted for years before he could afford his own place.
Évekig keményen dolgozott, mire megengedhetett magának egy saját lakást.
We’ve been grafting all morning to finish the move.
Egész délelőtt keményen dolgoztunk, hogy befejezzük a költözést.
If you graft, you’ll get results.
Ejemplos para estudiantes
I graft every day at my job.
Minden nap keményen dolgozom a munkahelyemen.
Error frecuente:
This sense is mainly British/Irish; in American English it may be misunderstood.
Significado
work very hard
Colocaciones
graft all day
|graft away
|graft for a living
|graft to make ends meet
|graft on the site
|graft in the kitchen
Sinónimos
work hard (neutral and widely used.)
|
toil (more literary; suggests heavy effort.)
|
slog (suggests tiring, repetitive work.)
Antónimos
slack off (do less work than you should.)
|
loaf (spend time idly; avoid work.)
Temas
work
|daily_life
Definición
to work very hard.
to work very hard, especially doing physical work.
SUSTANTIVO
C1
FORMAL
3
korrupció
B2
Patrón de uso:
graft in [an organization/government]
The mayor resigned after allegations of graft.
A polgármester lemondott a korrupciós vádak után.
The report describes years of graft in the department.
A jelentés évekig tartó korrupciót ír le az osztályon.
The new law aims to reduce graft and bribery.
Ejemplos para estudiantes
The newspaper reported graft in the local government.
Az újság korrupcióról számolt be a helyi önkormányzatban.
Error frecuente:
This is not related to plants or medical grafts; it means corruption and illegal profit.
Significado
corrupt use of public power
Colocaciones
political graft
|government graft
|widespread graft
|allegations of graft
|anti-graft campaign
|graft and bribery
|graft investigation
Sinónimos
corruption (broader term; includes many kinds of dishonesty.)
|
bribery (specifically taking or offering bribes.)
|
embezzlement (specifically stealing money you control at work.)
Antónimos
integrity (honesty and strong moral principles.)
|
probity (formal word for strict honesty.)
Temas
politics
|law
|business
Definición
corruption, especially in government.
illegal or dishonest gain made by using a public position or influence, for example taking bribes or stealing public money.
SUSTANTIVO
C1
TECHNICAL
4
oltás
C1
Patrón de uso:
a graft of [plant]
Apple trees are often grown from a graft rather than from seed.
Az almafákat gyakran oltással szaporítják, nem magról nevelik.
The gardener checked the graft to make sure it had taken.
A kertész ellenőrizte az oltást, hogy biztosan megeredt-e.
A clean cut helps the graft heal quickly.
Significado
joining parts of two plants
Colocaciones
a successful graft
|tree graft
|fruit-tree graft
|grafting technique
|graft compatibility
|graft failure
|graft union
Sinónimos
grafting (the same process, named as an activity.)
Temas
plants
|gardening
Definición
a method of joining two plants so they grow together.
the horticultural method of joining a shoot or bud from one plant to the stem or rootstock of another so they grow as a single plant.
VERBO
C1
TECHNICAL
5
olt
C1
Patrón de uso:
graft [a cutting/scion] onto [a rootstock/plant]
They grafted a pear variety onto a hardy rootstock.
Egy körtefajtát ellenálló alanyra oltottak.
You can graft roses in late winter under the right conditions.
Megfelelő körülmények között késő télen is lehet rózsát oltani.
She learned how to graft fruit trees from her grandfather.
Significado
join plant parts to grow together
Colocaciones
graft a cutting onto a rootstock
|graft a branch onto a tree
|graft roses
|graft fruit trees
|graft successfully
|graft by hand
Sinónimos
bud (a specific related technique using a bud rather than a cutting.)
Temas
plants
|gardening
Definición
to join one plant to another so they grow as one plant.
to join a shoot, bud, or branch from one plant to another plant so they grow together as one.
SUSTANTIVO
C1
TECHNICAL
6
Patrón de uso:
a graft to [body part]
The surgeon performed a graft to repair the damaged skin.
A sebész szövetátültetést végzett, hogy helyreállítsa a sérült bőrt.
Doctors monitored the graft for signs of infection.
Az orvosok figyelték az átültetett szövetet, hogy vannak-e fertőzésre utaló jelek.
The patient needed a bone graft after the accident.
Ejemplos para estudiantes
He had a skin graft on his arm.
Bőrátültetése volt a karján.
Error frecuente:
A graft is tissue moved from one place to another; it is not the same as a cast or bandage.
Significado
transplanted tissue or the procedure
Colocaciones
skin graft
|bone graft
|corneal graft
|a graft operation
|a graft site
|graft rejection
|a graft takes
Sinónimos
transplant (broader; can include whole organs as well as tissue.)
|
implant (often artificial material; not necessarily living tissue.)
Temas
health
|medicine
Definición
a piece of tissue put on another part of the body to help it heal.
a piece of living tissue (such as skin or bone) that is moved to repair another part of the body, or the operation in which this is done.
VERBO
C1
TECHNICAL
7
átültet
C1
Patrón de uso:
graft [tissue/skin] onto [body part]
Surgeons grafted skin onto the burn area.
A sebészek bőrt ültettek át az égett területre.
They grafted tissue from her thigh to her lower leg.
A combjából ültettek át szövetet az alsó lábszárára.
The doctor explained how the graft would heal over time.
Significado
transplant tissue onto the body
Colocaciones
graft skin onto
|graft tissue onto
|graft bone into
|graft from a donor
|graft successfully
|graft fails
Sinónimos
transplant (more common general term in medicine.)
Temas
health
|medicine
Definición
to put living tissue onto a damaged part of the body.
to transplant a piece of living tissue, such as skin or bone, to another part of the body to repair damage.
VERBO
C1
8
ráerőltet
B2
Patrón de uso:
graft [something] onto [something]
They tried to graft new procedures onto an old system that couldn’t support them.
Megpróbáltak új eljárásokat ráerőltetni egy régi rendszerre, amely ezt nem bírta el.
The film grafts a happy ending onto an otherwise bleak story.
A film egy boldog befejezést erőltet rá egy egyébként sivár történetre.
You can’t just graft a modern interface onto outdated hardware.
Ejemplos para estudiantes
They grafted new rules onto the old plan.
Új szabályokat erőltettek rá a régi tervre.
Error frecuente:
This figurative use is common with 'onto'; it implies the addition may not fit well.
Significado
add something that doesn’t naturally fit
Colocaciones
graft a new system onto the old one
|graft extra rules onto
|graft an ending onto a story
|graft features onto a product
|graft changes onto a plan
Sinónimos
attach (more neutral; no suggestion of awkwardness.)
|
append (suggests adding at the end.)
|
bolt on (informal; emphasizes an add-on rather than integration.)
Antónimos
remove (take something away rather than add it.)
|
strip out (remove an added part from a system.)
Temas
language
|business
|technology
Definición
to add something to something else, often awkwardly.
to attach or add something to an existing system, plan, or story, often in a way that feels unnatural or forced.
Gramática
Forma de diccionario
graft
AFI
GB/ɡɹˈæft/
US/ɡɹˈæft/
Sílabas y acento
graft (1 sílaba)
Stress on 1st syllable (graft)
Formas de la palabra
Noun
- Base: graft
- Plural: graft, grafts
Verb
- Base: graft
- 3rd Person Singular: grafts
- Present Participle: grafting
- Past: grafted
Familia de palabras
Forms
grafts
noun
grafting
verb
grafted
verb
Related words
grafter
noun
Advanced or less common
autograft
noun
allograft
noun
Expresiones
bone graft
1/bˈoʊn ɡɹˈæft/
fixed phrase
technical
bone tissue used for repair
a medical procedure using bone to repair bone.
Ejemplos
- The dentist recommended a bone graft before the implant.
- A bone graft can help the fracture heal properly.
- She recovered quickly after the bone graft procedure.
graft on
1/ɡɹˈæft ˈɔn/
phrasal verb
add something as an extra
to add an extra part to something.
Ejemplos
- They grafted on a new approval step without fixing the real problem.
- The company grafted on a service fee at the last minute.
- You can’t just graft on features and expect the product to feel coherent.
Ejemplos para estudiantes
- They grafted on extra costs.
graft rejection
1/ɡɹˈæft ɹɪd͡ʒˈɛkʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
body attacks transplanted tissue
when the body does not accept a transplant.
Ejemplos
- The team watched closely for signs of graft rejection.
- Medication can reduce the risk of graft rejection.
- Early graft rejection is sometimes reversible with treatment.
hard graft
1/hˈɑɹd ɡɹˈæft/
fixed phrase
informal
very hard work
very hard work.
Ejemplos
- There’s no shortcut—you have to do the hard graft.
- Most of the hard graft happens before anyone notices results.
- They’ve done the hard graft, and now the project is finally moving.
Ejemplos para estudiantes
- This exam needs hard graft.
skin graft
1/skˈɪn ɡɹˈæft/
fixed phrase
technical
skin moved to repair injury
an operation where skin is moved to cover damaged skin.
Ejemplos
- He needed a skin graft after the burn.
- The doctor explained how to care for the skin graft at home.
- The skin graft healed well with no complications.
Ejemplos para estudiantes
- She had a skin graft on her hand.